| China has a vast ocean area of4.73million square kilometers, BoSea, Yellow Sea, East Sea, South Sea and part of the Pacific Ocean at eastof the Taiwan are of our jurisdiction. China has a mainland coastline of18,000thousand meters, a Island coastline of14,000thousand meters andapproximately2.8million square kilometers of vast fishing area. The vastterritory and fishing area gives us a unique advantage of marine resources.However, at the same time, due to the specific needs of the marineecological environment protection measures to local conditions, whichgreatly increases the difficulty of the work of the marine ecologicalenvironment protection.Marine environmental protection has gone through three stages: Thefirst stage is to prevent marine accidents which caused property damageof ocean fisheries and continent on the surrounding. This time the world’sunderstanding of the marine is still confined to the mere resourcedevelopment and utilization, to carry out all actions to maximize theexploitation and utilization of marine resources. The second stage onlyregulates local, individual marine environment pollution problems. Thethird stage began to enter the full protection stage, paying attention to thesustainability of marine ecosystems and the value of the use of marine resources is indispensable for human survival.To carry out environmental protection work is focused on thedevelopment and utilization of resources and the problems ofpost-processing, not include other aspects. However, a good environmentneeds us to do much more than these two levels. We also need to protectthe full range of multiple levels from multiple angles. Therefore, toestablish a sound mechanism for environmental protection of the marineecosystem has very important significance.The first part focuses on the source of the problem, methods andinnovation points. Specific research methods include literature analysis,comparative analysis, historical analysis, and economic analysis. Thesecond part explains and defines the concept of marine ecologicalenvironment protection, mechanism, security mechanism and marineenvironmental protection mechanism, which makes the object of studymore clearly. Marine ecological environmental protection mechanism isthe object-based marine ecological protection taken, aimed at ensuringthat the marine environment can be sustained in the full range ofsafeguards to be protected.In addition, this part also expounds the relevant theories whichalways throughout the article, including the theory of sustainabledevelopment and the economics-related theories. The third part of thispaper analyzes the status, the problems and the causes of China’s marine environment. Found: our marine environment is generally in goodcondition, marine functional zones meets the basic use, the situation ofthe nearby the outfall into the sea is not very good, marine environmentdisasters occur frequently.The fourth part is the key part of the article, which analyzes thecurrent situation, problems and causes of Chinese marineeco-environmental protection mechanism. Our main roles of marineecological environment protection including: government, business, thepublic and other organizations and institutions. Among them, thegovernment occupies a dominant position in the protection of marineecological environment. Our government management of marineecological environment includes two levels: central and local. Centrallevel consists of state Oceanic Administration and other marineadministrative authorities. Local level consists of coastal localgovernments and related departments. This kind of management structurehas two drawbacks:(1) The management authorities between thesesubjects is unclear. Our central level to protect the marine ecologicalenvironment are harmonized by the State Oceanic Administration.However, on the local level, management authority between various partsof the Oceanic Administration is not clear. The relation ship among localgovernments should be strengthened.(2) State Oceanic Administrationtook on too much. From the formulation of the national marine development strategy, to a specific execution, the State OceanicAdministration always occupy an important position. China’s marineenvironment protection law system mainly include: The constitution,Marine Ecological Environment Protection law, Administrativeregulations, Local marine environmental protection laws and regulations,other departments law on marine environmental protection regulations.China has the marine environment management functions andenforcement powers of the executive branch as many as a dozen,including the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Agriculture, Ministryof Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Land Resources, Customs,Navy, Ministry of Public Security and the Department of Energy. Chinahas Promulgated more than30laws, including the "MarineEnvironmental Protection Law,""Fisheries Act","Customs Law","Maritime Traffic Safety Law,""Sea Area Use Management Law","immigration management approach" and so on.The fifth part analyzes and draws on the experience of the marineecosystem environmental protection abroad, come to the followingexperience: Emphasis on marine science and technology planning,strategic sea advancing science and technology; emphasis on coastal zonemanagement, and implementation of integrated management of thecoastal zone; emphasis on comprehensive management of coastal urbanagglomerations of sewage and garbage; emphasis on results management, to quantify the pollution index system, the implementation of a powerfulsupervision mode; the development of tourism and protection of themarine environment combined. The six part presents a perfect mechanismof ecological protection of marine environment protection idea, presentedon the last part of the security mechanism to improve the ecologicalenvironment protection of the marine supporting measures. |
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