Chilling Disasters Of The Guanzhong Area Since The Historical Period And Cold Period

Global climate change is of a major global problem concerning to the international Community. It is not only has a significant impact on the global environment and ecology,but also concerns to the socio-economic fields,such as the production of human society,life and consumption.However,under the global warming background,there are many regions of the world still suffering the invasion of cold damage.Thus,it is also particularly important to study climate colding in the context of global warming.It is an important method that use historical documents and historical records to analysis the disasters occurrence.There are many articles have a statistical analysis of natural disasters in Guan-Zhong area in historical period.but there is no articles probing into freeze disaster in Guanzhong area have been published and most of studies related to drought and water disasters.This paper aims to use the historical literatures to analysis freeze disasters in Guanzhong area, and ascertain the number of disasters,disaster time series and its seasonal distribution,revealing the characteristics of freeze disaster in Guanzhong area since the historical period.Through the freeze statistics come to the conclusion of several freeze periods in Guanzhong region in historical Period.do a special analysis on several freeze periods,combining with previous study evidences of natural aspects,While,at the same period,collecting information about drought disasters on a comparative analysis,research on relationship between freeze and drought disasters.Then compare with the national results,obtaining the similarities and differences between Guanzhong and the whole Country ,as well as studying the frequent occurrence of freeze disasters to agricultural Production,socioeconomic and development influence.According to this paper,come to the following conclusions:(1) The climate change in Guanzhong area since the historical periods has a synchronization with national and even global,and the total change pattern is consistent.There are also several freeze periods in Guanzhong area,but the cold periods division in specific time have differences.In this paper,we can generally obtained the climate change:249B.C.～50A.D.(Warring States～the Eastern Han Dynasty),451A.D.～850 A.D.(Southern and Northern Dynasties～Tang andSong Dynasty),and 1251A.D.～1950A.D.(Yuan～Qing Dynasty ) are the peakest frequency of freeze disaster.That is,the late Warring States period is more warmer,from the mid-Western Han Dynasty,Emperor of Hanwu,the cold period until to Emperor of Gengshi,then it experienced warmer period in the Eastern Han Dynasty(Eastern Han Dynasty records without freeze disaster),through Northern and Mid-late Tang Dynasty,it entered into the cold period until Yuan-Qing Dynasty.Judging from the seasonal distribution,the freeze disaster in Guanzhong region during historical periods,occurred mainly in the spring,of which the spring frost disaster accounted for large part.In addition,this paper believes that during the Ming and Qing Dynasties' cold period,there are still having cold and warm fluctuations between them.According to the fluctuational distribution trends of Freeze disaster in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,we can concluded that 1451A.D.～1500 A.D.(Jingtai～Hongzhi emperors of Ming),1571A.D.～1730A.D.(Longqing emperor of Ming～Qianlong emperor of Qing Dynasty) and 1831A.D.～1910A.D.(Daoguang～Xuantong emperors of Qing Dynasty) are the peakest frequency of freeze disasters.The reason why it presented this characteristic is that this period also stays at a special period-the Little Ice Age in the Ming and Qing dynasties.(2) During this period,the frequency of cold and drought disaster in Guanzhong area occurred synchronously,that is to say,there is a strong correlation between the freeze and drought disasters in Guanzhong area.In Guanzhong area,from the entire historical periods,the frequency of drought disaster and frozen disaster are basicaly synchronization,that is when cold disaster occurred frequently,drought occurred frequently in the same periods.The dramatic changes in climate may lead to an increase in other natural disasters,this may be one of the reasons why frozen disaster occurred frequently,the drought occurred more,too.What's more,the climate cooling will cause the ground water to reduce evaporation,water shortage,the decline in precipitation,which might be another factor.(3) Compare this article's findings with predecessors,the conclusions as follows:More than 2000 years from Western Zhou Dynasty to the founding of China,the climate change in Guanzhong area has a synchronization with East Part of China.Both can be broadly divided into three cold periods and three warm periods,alternative changes in them.The coldest period in Guanzhong area in historical periods also occurred in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,each duration of the cold period has a rising trend since ancient times.The difference between predecessors' research and this paper lies in the climate between Eastern Han and Tang Dynasty.This article think predecessors' historical records was insufficient to prove cold in Eastern Han Dynasty.While,the climate on the Tang Dynasty,this paper argues that view of Tang Dynasty's cold is more convincing,coupled with this paper's analysis of the freeze disasters,We can come that the Eastern Han Dynasty should becoming warm,while the Tang Dynasty is should a relatively cold period.(4) The frequent occurrence of freeze disaster has a significant impact on agricultural production,social economic development.Human's ability to resist natural disasters and climate change has a lot to the level of productivity.In the low productivity level's ancient times,it is obvious that the bility to resist natural disasters and climate change was very low,and its impact on human society was particularly sensitive.Human's society are influenced by climate on many sides,includeing agriculture,ecological environment,population,socio-economic,and social stability.First of all,the cold climate to a certain extent undermined the agricultural resources,lowed food production and restricted the development of agriculture.Secondly,the freeze disaster can directly caused population's deaths,coupled with famine and war caused by natural disasters,making the population decrease.Third,frequent occurrence of natural disasters led to the recession of social economy,and also had a negative impact on the socio-economic development.Finally,climate disasters led to poor harvest and incurred famine,which is an important indirect factors for the social unstability in history.