Mining Area Of ​​dump Soil And Water Safety And Landscape Pattern Evaluation

The stackpile of opencast coal mine is a kind of huge artificial loose dump, which has the serious safety problems. This research object is the west stackpile of AnTaiBao Surface Opencast Coal Mine (ATB), which is the first modernized opencast coal mine within loess area. Take it as an example, water-soil safety and landscape pattern of stackpile are appraised. The main content of the article includes 3 aspects as below: (1) Investigation and picking up landscape essential factors from stackpile The West Stackpile of ATB, which is 247.91hm2, is divided 108 patches by landform and slope gradient, surface material and topographic. Picking up patch area, patch circumference by MapGIS software and get landform and slope gradient, surface material, topographic, cover-degree, engineering measure grade of conservation of water-soil, irregular subsidence and volume weight through the notes by the research group of mined land reclamation of Shanxi Agriculture University. Take these indexes as the base of water-soil safety and landscape pattern of the west stackpile, and analyze above factors. The results show that the area of platform of the west stackpile outnumbers the slope three to one. The greater parts of surface material are loesses, and most of topographic are arbor & bush and bush. With the time of reclamation, cover-degree is increased. Engineering measure grade of conservation of water-soil is improved further. Irregular subsidence is disappeared. Volume weight tends to the range that is of advantage to growth of plant. (2) Appraisal of water-soil safety of stackpile Soil erosion assessing systems and evaluating water-soil safety models have been raised in the west stackpile. 8 disaster factors of soil erosion have been defined: 30min rainfall intensity, surface material, landform and slope gradient, cover-degree, topographic, engineering measure grade of conservation of water-soil, volume weight and irregular subsidence. In newly-constructed stage, early stage and later stage of reclamation, the degree of safety and the different conditions have been analyzed and compared by the evaluation index and model. The result express that the stackpile belongs to middle danger, low danger and low safety in newly-constructed stage, early stage and later stage of reclamation. But at the same stage, different condition leads to different safety class. Along with the variations of appraisal factors, the stackpile belongs to different safety class. (3) Appraisal of landscape pattern of stackpile Adoption patch shape index, fractal dimension, landscape richness index, relative richness index, richness density index, landscape diversity index, landscape dominance index and so on, comparison and appraisal the landscape pattern and land use with er-pu stackpile and south stackpile through statistical method. The result is that the landscape indexes are notable different for same stackpile at different topographic or different stackpile. At the same time, the reasons that cause the difference are analyzed.