The Epidemiological Study On Type 2 Diabetes In The Rural Areas Of Henan Province

ObjectiveDiabetes mellitus(DM) is a complex of metabolic disorder characterized with chronic hyperglycemia.Following tumor and cardiovascular diseases,DM has become the third chronic disease which is most seriously harmful to human health in the world.Type 2 diabetes(T2DM) accounts for 90-95%of DM.In recent years,DM has reached an epidemic level globally.The prevalence of DM increased rapidly both in developed countries and developing countries.At the same time,contrast to the fast raising of the prevalence for DM,the rates of awareness,treatment,and control of DM are relatively low.DM not only affects health,but also causes the greatly economic burden for family and society.So preventing and controlling DM is becoming the urgent task for all countries.The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of T2DM and impaired fasting glucose(IFG),awareness,treatment and complications of T2DM,and to evaluate the relationship between T2DM with its risk factors in Chinese adults aged over 18 years old in rural areas in Henan province.Subjects and methodsParticipants aged over 18 years old were selected randomly by cluster sampling technique from two rural areas in Henan in August,2005 and March 2006.Data was collected by questionnaire interview(demographic characteristics,DM family history, the awareness and treatment information of DM,behavior risk factors,and diet information),anthropometric measurements(height,weight,waist and hip circumferences,and blood pressure),and laboratory measurements(FPG,TC,TG,and HDL-C).Cross-sectional and case-control study designs were used to analyze the prevalence,awareness,treatment,risk factors of T2DM.ResultsThe prevalence rates of IFG and T2DM for the participants were 17.89%and 11.35%, respectively.There were no significant differences between males and females for the prevalence rates of T2DM(10.57%for males vs.11.91%for females) and IFG (16.71%for males vs.18.74%for females)(all P＞0.05).The prevalence rates of IFG and T2DM all increased significantly with age(all P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences for the prevalence rates of IFG and T2DM among different marital status.The prevalence rate of DM is lower in participants with higher education level(P＜0.05).However,there were no statistically significant differences for the prevalence rate of IFG among different education level.The prevalence rates of IFG and T2DM all increased significantly with average monthly individual income levels(all P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis shows that age(OR=1.030,OR95%CI:1.012-1.047), average monthly individual income levels(OR=1.591,OR95%CI:1.012-1.047),the family history of diabetes(OR=2.845,OR95%CI:1.489-5.435) and total cholesterol level(OR=1.230,OR95%CI:1.032-1.467) were significantly positively associated with T2DM. Among 111 DM participants,16.22%were aware of their DM diagnosis,16.22% were taking prescription medication or nonpharmacological interventions.There were no statistically significant differences for awareness and treatment rats of DM among different gender,education level and marital status(P＞0.05).The awareness and treatment rats of DM were increased significantly with age and average monthly individual income levels(P＜0.05).Among 111 DM participants,three patients had complications of DM,accounting for 2.70 percent.Fasting plasma glucose was significantly correlated with age,weight,waist,hip,BMI, waist-to-hip ratio,total cholesterol level,triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol.However,fasting plasma glucose was not significantly correlated with height,systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure(P＞0.05).Multiple linear regression shows that waist circumstance,BMI,triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol are significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose.Conclusions1.The prevalence rate of DM for the Chinese adults in rural areas in Henan province is rather high,however,the awareness and treatment rates of DM are very low.2.Age,average monthly individual income levels,the family history of diabetes and total cholesterol level are the independent risk factors of T2DM in the rural areas in Henan province.3.The effective intervention strategies and measures for DM are urgently needed in rural areas in Henan province to reduce the prevalence rate of DM and its complications and increase the awareness rate.It is also need to strengthen the management of the diabetics to improve the awareness and treatment status.