Comparative Studies On Isozymes Of Ginseng

Objective:In this study, we conducted experiments on macromolecules of which had varied activities while not being further studied. The biological activity of these macromolecules-namely ginseng proteins and peptides, had been tested via modern separation and purification technology, analysis and identification technology and detection of activity in vitro and in vivo technology in order to provide scientific evidences and technical support for optimizing the process of preparing ginseng, exposing the clinical material base of ginseng and developing a series of ginseng products including innovative drug and health foods etc.Methods:Using in-gel activity staining method of PAGE electrophoresis to study the activity of 22 kinds of isozyme among 5 different enzyme systems consisting of oxidoreductase system, hydrolase system, transferase system, catenase system and isomerase system in wild ginseng, ginseng in forest and cultivated ginseng. Using colorimetric technology of activity detection to test the activity of POD, CAT, SOD, MDH(oxidoreductase system) and EST, ACP, AMY (hydrolase system) which of them appeared to be high in activity in ginseng. Then to make comparison on enzyme activity of ginseng from different sources(10 sources in Jilin province), with different parts (rhizome,taproot and fibrous root) and of different ages (4 years and 5 years), respectively.Results:Results show clear isoenzymes bands of 13 kinds, which participate in 11 kinds of fresh ginseng,8 kinds of dry ginseng,9 kinds of wild ginseng,8 kinds of ginseng in forest. The peroxydase(POD), catalase(CAT), malic dehydrogenase (MDH),Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Esterase (EST), acid phosphatase (ACP) and Amylase (AMY) in all ginsengs; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cytochrome oxidase (CYT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) only in fresh ginseng; phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) only in wild ginseng; 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) in fresh and dry ginseng.Conclusion:Differences in enzyme activity of four kinds of ginseng suggest that there are some quality differences in ginseng because of differences of cultivation methods, processing methods, which play a certain reference of the selection of species of ginseng and clinical application.It turned out that ginseng from different sources and with different parts did show a great difference in enzyme activity among each group. And ginseng of different ages had but not so much difference in enzyme ability. Differences in enzyme activity of ginseng from different origins suggest that there are some quality differences because of cultivation regional difference, which provide certain scientific reference for ginseng standardized planting; Differences of the enzyme activity in ginseng different parts show that various enzymes in the body of the distribution are different,and the role of reed head, main root and fibrous roots can not be ignored, which has laid a theoretical foundation for medicine and clinical screening of the ginsengs; Differences of enzyme activity in 4 and 5 years old ginseng, show that ginseng can be harvested in 4 years or 5years.