Women's Christian Missionary Activities In Shandong Dynasty (1860-1920)

After the Second Opium War, the western Protestant missions landed Shan- tung in succession. Around 1920, the number of female missionary had surpassed greatly the number of male missionary in Shantung, the ratio was 3 to 2. This thesis would discuss the female missionary?s activities, features of activities, con- tribution to Shantung and limitation. The first part talks about the historical background which female missionary came to China. Colonialism and Gospel Promoting Movement were the source and promotion of the modern protestant missionary work?s prosperity. The western Christianity female reform movement cleared the obstacles for overseas preach- ing. During late Qing Dinasty and early the Republic of Cl~na,the central and lo- cal government all comparatively took tolerant policy and friendly attitude towards Christianity. For covenience?sake,missions wanted a large number of female mis- sionaries to take up woman抯 work among women in Shantung. The second part deals with the number, the ratio, the family backgrounds, lever of education and the aims of female missionaries who came to China. The third part states the female missionary抯 activities of preaching, educa- tion, medical work and literature. In the part of preaching, this thesis briefly talks about the form, object, means, achievement, position of preaching, and speak in detail the Bible training education for woman and the thought of preaching of Lottie Moon. In the part of education, this thesis focuscs on the typical case梕- ducation for deaf and industrial education, besides the general situation of general education. In the part of medical work, this thesis states the general situation of development and medical education, especially the first professional nursing educa- tion. In the part of literature, this thesis talks about mainly the general situation and Mrs. Nevius?s activity of literature. In this part, the thesis points that female missionary founded the first educa- tion for girls, enlighten the women of Shantung to some extent. Female mission ?? ary advocated the improvment in modem Shantung, opposed foot ?binding, foundling, and so on. Owning to the limitation of religious doctrine arid the course of history of mankind, the female missionary proposed the female Liberation and education for girls which couldn?t let women get rid of feudal oppression. In the last part, the thesis analyses the features of female missionary抯 activi- ty. First, female missionary expressed the dual nature of attitude towards Shari- tung, the people of Shantung. On the one hand, they loved Shantung, the people of Shantung very much, on the other hand, their cultural chauvinism separated themselves from the people of Shantung. Secondly, they organized relatively per- fect woman?s work.