| From the Northern and Southern Dynasties to Song and Yuan Dynasties, great changes had taken place on pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and other aspects in Chinese because of the national melting, cultural communication and the spreading of Buddhism etc. In Chinese history this period just between the early middle ancient period and the early modern times. It is an important part in Chinese history to study and reveal the laws on grammatical development of this important period comprehensively and diachronically, and it is also the requirement of the development of Chinese history study.Nowadays, study on this aspect is fairly weak yet. This thesis attempts to make a research on the grammatical development diachronically based on the "Three Joint" (join synchrony with diachrony, join macrocosm with microcosm, join description with explanation). In accordance with the character of grammatical development, the thesis attaches importance to both general investigation and selective examination, selecting the language materials cautiously. To ensure the reliability of the conclusion, we choose two works (Shi shuo Xin yu and Song Yuan Scripts for Story-Telling) whose languages very much alike oral language based on extensive reading. Therefore, we put them as the object for study and count.This thesis consists of the following four parts. I. IntroductionIn this part, we mainly discuss the foundation and significance of the question for study and the reasons we select these two works. Shi shuo Xin yu is a novel collection in Northern and Southern Dynasties written by Liu Yiqing and other scholars, whose language is very much alike spoken language, regarded as "living fossil" of middle ancient language.Song Yuan Scripts for Story-Telling are also written by Central Plain spoken language. They are written by so many people that they can represent the language of its time respectively. II. MorphologyIn this part, we make a description and comparison of Shi shuo Xin yu and Song Yuan Scripts for Story-Telling omnibearingly from five aspects: noun, verb, numeral, classifier measure word and pronoun, revealing the history of its development.1. Noun The development of noun is mainly epitomized on prefix and suffix. In this thesis, we count the prefix , and suffix , in the Shi shuo Xin yu thoroughly, describing its uses at that time. Sample its using state in Song Yuan Scripts for Story-Telling. We compare them from the frequency of use, scope and other aspects. Thus we find that the prefix is becoming weak; while prefix and suffix are more often used by people.2. Verb (1) Overlapping verbs weren't used very much in Northern and Southern Dynasties's prose. And it was mainly used in pattern of AA. But a new pattern AABB emerged in Shi shuo Xin yu. Song Yuan Scripts for Story-Telling also had some other patterns as A - A, A 7 - A, A - A besides AA and AABB, showing the variety of forms. The attached meaning was changed from expressing movement and action lasting for a long time or repeatedly to expressing movement and momentary or transient and attempt. (2) The method of verb tense expressing is mainly expressed by past tense and present tense. In Northern and Southern Dynasties, people expressed the past tense by putting and other adverbs in front of the verb or using the verb which have the meaning of completion. They expressed the present tense by putting and other adverbs in front of the verbs, or putting behind the verbs or its objects. hadn't becomethe tense auxiliary at that time. But in Song Yuan Scripts for Story-Telling, " ", " ", "it" had already been changed into complete tense auxiliary.3. Numeral (1) Approximate number expressing method: In Northern and Southern Dynasties, people expressed approximate number by using or putting two neighboring numbers together. Based on this foundation, other methods as using etc have emerged in Song Yuan Scripts for Story-Telling, showing many more varieties. (2) Ordinal number also presents a trend... |
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