The Old China-japan Joint Ventures

One of the important economy ways that invaded to old China is the enterprise operated jointly by China and Japan . This kind of joint venture spread every corner, the focal point concentrated on the coal iron industry. Among the whole country, it was the climax of the joint ventures in 1914-1921, but in Shandong it was at the beginning. From 1922 to 1931, it was at low tide period for the whole country, but climax for Shandong. The joint ventures declined in succession after the September 18th Event, but has insisted on in Shandong until 1945 when Japan surrendered. One of the important reasons cause the widely different from the joint venture of Shandong with other areas was the existence of" Lu-Da Company".The Lu-Da Company was the most important joint-venture operated by Japan before July 7 Incident of 1937 , All respects of the company such as its established background , management state and its profit etc embody essence of enterprise.The first part of this article is to state the establishing background of the company and the procession. At first brief to review the operation to Sichuan , Fangzi, Jinling three ores by Germany and the period that managed by Japanese military. Use a large number of pen and ink reproduce negotiation between China and Japan government at Washington meeting and unite committee. Have analyzed the reasons why Japan made every effort to operate three ores;Have combed the complicated activity that carried on for making preparations to found the company by Sino-Japanese both sides;Describes the establishment course of the company finally.Part two dissects the management and essence of the Company. At first, introduces the management of Fangzi colliery and Jinling iron mine simply, then dissectes the management of Sichuan which was its main production base including opening in the mine , output, sale , profit etc. Have revealed theprivilege of the tax and mining area that the company seized, and the system that the miners used to rob Chinese labours . Introduce an important problem of the Company that was Shandong province tried his best to operate three ores by himself. Finally , dissects the essence of the Company that was though it was operated by China and Japan jointly on the name, in fact it was monopolized by Japan.Part three analyzes the position and influence of the Company in the history of Japanese invasion to China. Japan obtained a great deal of rights and interests in such aspects as economy , military , politics through the Company. Although China side received some favorable influence, but the weakness of the whole country caused the destructive influence mostly.In a word, the Lu-Da Company acted as one of the models of joint venture. It is important evidence to expose invasion history made by Japan to Shandong and the whole China. Dissects this typical enterprise not merely can facilitate the way and essence that Japanese invasion to China's economy, and also can widen the research field of economic history of Shandong and Japanese invasion history to Shandong. Now China has entried WTO.With the increasing of the joint ventures, it is necessary and helpful to study this subject to summarize the advantages and disadvantages from it.