| The problem of New Urban Poverty has been appeared more than 30 years in the China, economic and social transformed in the new development situation, a large numbers of new problems emerged. Since the reform and opening up, Chinese city also faced enormous challenges in the rapid development at the same time, Urban problem was more complicated, the problem of New Urban Poverty was one of the outstanding problems. Compared with the traditional "Three non-officers", "on-the-job low income", "new Poverty population of laid-off workers", "retired workers", "village in city agglomeration of Poverty population", "the floating population and the policy of restricted development area" as a representative of New Urban Poverty population. The number of New Urban Poverty population was more than "Three non-officers", it affected greater impact on society. The New city Poverty class in addition to deficiencies in material wealth, political rights and political status, the space in the micro behavior structure also showed unique characteristics. Based on the New Urban Poverty of four typical composite types as the research area, the basic research unit was Sub district office. In this paper, the main source of data were three ways:map based data source 1:25 thousand of Xi’an City six district administrative region vector map and 0.6m resolution in the spring of 2014 Google earth image data; through visited Xi’an Municipal Statistics Bureau, District Bureau of statistics and the office of the streets and other units at all levels to obtained the official statistical data required; in order to obtain the questionnaire data and interview data. The research group arrived 4 typical areas do data research work in April to July of 2014. The research methods used in this article included the literature method, empirical research method, Arcgis method of spatial visualization, mathematical statistical analysis, sociology and anthropology research method, interview method, human activity analysis and trend surface analysis. Use of above methods, the paper thoroughly discussed the travel characteristics, daily activity time-spatial structure, daily activities of path and commuting, shopping, leisure recreation time-spatial feature, spatial pattern of trend surface and its influence of New Urban poor in Xi’an City. The conclusion is as follows:Firstly, through analyzed micro behavior features of the New Urban Poverty of typical area in Xi’an City. The conclusion is as follows, (1) The average travel rate of New Urban Poverty is 91.18%, compared with the Shenzhen residents of the 90.27%, was higher than the nearly 1 percentage points, and showed poor groups travel activity degree were not much difference from ordinary citizens. Men travel rate higher than women, there are some differences between the 4 typical regions in the travel rate, and the difference was because of individual microcosmic behavior caused by geographical factors. (2) From the travel frequency, sex between travel frequencies had no obvious difference; the above analysis indicates that there is no significant quality distinguishes of gender in travel ability. The status of women was gradually rising in the modern society; their personal development potential was in the continuous mining. (3) The New Urban poor multiple times travel frequency was 9.36%, lower than the 11.4% citizens of Shenzhen and Dalian public 14.9%, show that effected by its own economic conditions and social status in the aspects of multiple times travel, the ability to travel was limited. Travel times of difference between sex ratio is smaller; the youth groups in the two travel was highest, middle-aged group with one travel, and because the older groups no need to work, accounting for a large proportion in times of travel; residents who engaged in mental work had greater chance in many times travel; travel times with difference between the 4 typical areas did not show the obvious regional characteristics. (4) Two objective types had the largest proportion, followed by multipurpose travel, the characteristic was consistent with travel purpose characteristics of Shenzhen, Tianjin, Dalian resident; Influence of personal attributes on travel was large, while regional attribute impact of travel purpose and objective chain the was small. The paper selected the typical area to reveal characteristics of the entire study population, rather than to seek the difference between internal of typical area.Secondly, Analysis draws the following conclusion of the New City Poverty class activities of daily living space structure and path method using human activity analysis: (1) The New City Poor daily activities focus on spatial range less than 10km, because the job needs, male activity space wide than women; poverty group out on recreational activities less, within the family fun time with strong regularity; female shopping activities than men, but mostly in short distance. In addition, women mainly undertake the housework activities.(2) The average sleep time of poverty groups in 7h or so, there was not much difference between the sexes; between the typical area daily activities did not exist fundamental difference, poverty groups are basically the same kind of social environment, the limitations are at the same level, individual rhythm of life has been integrated into this class of commonness, and formed mode and standardized daily activity system.(3) The daily activities of the 5 types had their own characteristics:job specific resident activity scope, the rhythm of life was tense; work-domestic type residents’ happiness index was low, the characteristics of daily activity deprivation was obvious; work-entertainment residents enjoyed higher life satisfaction, personal daily activities was rich in content, and owned a wide range of entertainment activities; Entertainment specific type residents mainly were elderly male, they owned more leisure time, leisure and entertainment activities were most in daily activities, but limited by physiological conditions, the scope of activities was limited; entertainment and home type residents occurred high degree of dominate free time, daily activities arbitrariness was strong, had not formed the regular characteristics.(4) Job specific sample’s activity path was single, basically forming a single path home-office-home, the proportion of shopping and leisure and recreational activities in the share of its life was low; work-entertainment and work-housework residents’activities path converged, besides work needs also engaged in other activities of daily living; specific type and entertainment-household type residents’living rhythm is slow, the active path was more dispersed.Thirdly, the paper used the statistical analysis method to analyzed comparatively commuting, shopping and leisure entertainment time-spatial characteristics. (1) General characteristics of commuting space showed distance attenuation regularity,0-10km was the main commuting space, the number of cumulative percentage with commuter slowly rising trend increase commuting distance, the main way was walk for commuter travel, because for most poverty population was body operators and service personnel, they usually chose the area which left home closer as work location, public transport has become the first choice of long distance commuting. Commuting time as half-hour commute circle was main circle, consistent with the commuting space. (2) Shopping in New Urban poor was mainly supermarkets, retail shops and street farmers market; 75% of the residents chose to walk shopping, mainly affected by economic conditions, they chose the low cost way of shopping. The 5km distance is the dividing line between the numbers of shopping. Shopping within 5km accounted for the vast majority activity, 110min shopping activity was peak time, the number of shopping reduced gradually along with the growth of shopping time. (3) Poverty group’leisure entertainment type was relatively single, main traditional entertainment project were TV and chat, the rest was closed distance and relatively low level cost daily social activities and sports. The poor group’ entertainment activities were within 5km, travel by foot, the distance was closer, formed of half an hour of leisure entertainment circle. The cumulative number of presentation stage leaped growth trends in the time distribution.Fourthly, using the trend surface analysis method to simulate space-time pattern of commuter, shopping and leisure entertainment. Commuter time-spatial pattern was the proliferation of fan shape from the core area to the fringe frequency changes in the distance, faster in axis direction; Shopping for symmetric spatial patterns when the space coordinate axis as the core, shopping population declined respectively to both sides, the overall pattern presented the horse shaped; Leisure entertainment time-spatial pattern was decreasing when the overall concentric to the long time distance, distance factors’influence of leisure entertainment is larger, from the core region to the edge is divided into 4 layers.Fifthly, by constructing OLS regression, analyzed the influence mechanism of commuting, shopping and leisure entertainment. Public transport, bicycle, motorcycle, (electric vehicle), mental workers and the elderly are the main factors which affected the time-spatial structure of the commuter; Main influence factors of shopping time-spatial distribution was public transport, bicycle, department stores and higher education; The main influence factors of entertainment time-spatial distribution included public transport, bicycle, motorcycle (EV) and elementary education.The overall point of view showed, compared with the same level other city (Nanjing, Guangzhou, Tianjin etc.) residents’ time and space structure the micro behavior time-spatial structure of the Urban Poverty in Xi’an showed very limited, the daily activity space of poor was smaller, commuting space was main part of for outer space. Shopping place belongs to low levels of consumption, shopping time and space is only limited to settlements near. The type of leisure and recreational activities was single, and taken less time, rhythm of day life is more tension, the features had close relationship with economic -social environment and personal factors. |
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