| This study consisted of there parts. In the first part, the concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, As and Hg were measured in the soft bodies of two barnacle species, Tetraclita japonica and Fistulobalanus albicostatus, from 7 sites along Zhoushan intertidal zone in August 2010. These data provided evidence on the geographical variation in metal bioavailabilities of Zhoushan sea area. In the second part, the concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, As and Hg were determined in the soft bodies of the cosmopolitan species of oyster (Ostrea cucullata) along intertidal zone in north coast of Hangzhou Bay in December 2010. These data provided evidence on the geographical variation in metal bioavailabilities of north coast of Hangzhou Bay. In the third part, contamination of trace metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, As and Hg) from surface sediments of the Yangtze River estuary and its potential ecological hazard risk were researched. The primary purpose of this study was to provide basic data for evaluating heavy metal contamination of Yangshan port and its adjacent sea areas scientifically and objectively. The main conclusions were as follows:(1) T. japonica was used as biomonitor to study heavy metal pollution of Zhoushan sea area. Contamination level of Cu, Cd and Hg in Daishan was the most high. Contamination level of Cu (26.52 mg kg-1) and Pb (3.13 mg kg-1) in Xiaoyang was the most high. Contamination level of Cr (2.08 mg kg-1) in Zhujiajian was the most high. Contamination level of As (0.97 mg kg-1) in Shengsi was the most high. Contamination level of Cu (4.43 mg kg-1), Cd (0.45 mg kg-1) and As (0.20 mg kg-1) in Qushan was the most low. Contamination level of Cu (5.26 mg kg-1), Pb (0.94 mg kg-1) and Cr (0.69 mg kg-1) in Gouqi was the most low. Contamination level of Cu (5.57 mg kg-1) in Shengsi was the most low. Contamination level of Hg (0.20 mg kg-1) in Dayang was the most low. Integrated pollution of Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, As and Hg in Xiaoyang was the most serious. Integrated pollution of Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, As and Hg in Daishan was also very serious as Xiaoyang. Integrated pollution of Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, As and Hg in Shengsi, Gouqi and Qushan was fairly light. Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in Xiaoyang and Daishan were similar. Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in Shengsi, Gouqi, Qushan and Zhujiajian were similar. (2) F. albicostatus was used as biomonitor to study heavy metal pollution of Zhoushan sea area. Contamination level of Cu (52.29 mg kg-1), Cd (1.23 mg kg-1), Pb (13.25 mg kg-1) and Hg (3.03 mg kg-1) in Daishan was the most high. Contamination level of Cr (1.55 mg kg-1) in Xiaoyang was the most high. Contamination level of As (1.17 mg kg-1) in Zhujiajian was the most high. Contamination level of Cu (5.08 mg kg-1) and Hg (0.17 mg kg-1) in Qushan was the most low. Contamination level of Pb (2.16 mg kg-1) and Cr (0.74 mg kg-1) in Gouqi was the most low. Contamination level of Cd (0.42 mg kg-1) in Zhujiajian was the most low. Contamination level of As (0.26 mg kg-1) in Shengsi was the most low. Integrated pollution of Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, As and Hg in Xiaoyang was the most serious. Integrated pollution of Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, As and Hg in Gouqi, Zhujiajian and Qushan was fairly light. Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in Xiaoyang and Daishan were similar. Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in Shengsi, Gouqi, Qushan and Zhujiajian were similar.(3) O. cucullata was used as biomonitor to study heavy metal pollution along north coast of Hangzhou Bay. Contamination level of Cd (1.87 mg kg-1), Cr (0.47 mg kg-1) and Hg (0.043 mg kg-1) in Xiaoyang was the most high. Contamination level of Cu (155.94 mg kg-1) in Haiyan was the most high. Contamination level of Pb (1.97 mg kg-1) in Jinshan was the most high. Contamination level of As (1.76 mg kg-1) in Nanhuizui was the most high. Contamination level of Cu (111.45 mg kg-1), Cr (0.21 mg kg-1) and Hg (0.027 mg kg-1) in Zhapu was the most low. Contamination level of Cd (1.54 mg kg-1) and Hg (0.024 mg kg-1) in Haiyan and Nanhuizui was the most low. Contamination level of Cu (108.45 mg kg-1) and As (0.87 mg kg-1) in Xiaoyang was the most low. Contamination level of Cu (111.04 mg kg-1) and Pb (1.75 mg kg-1) in Dayang was the most low. Integrated pollution of Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, As and Hg in Jinshan was the most serious. Integrated pollution of Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, As and Hg in Xiaoyang was also very serious as Xiaoyang. Integrated pollution of Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, As and Hg in Zhapu was fairly light. Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in Haiyan and Nanhuizui were similar. Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in Zhapu, Luchaogang, Xiaoyang and Dayang were similar.(4) Descending order of enrichment coefficient of heavy metals from surface sediments of the Yangtze River estuary was: Cr > Pb > Cu > As > Hg > Cd. The potential ecological risk index of Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr and As were less than 30, which belong to minor degree of potential ecological risk. The potential ecological risk index of Hg was between 30 and 60, which belong to medium degree of potential ecological risk. Heavy metals risk index RI was less than 100, so the potential ecological risk of the Yangtze River estuary was in a slight degree according to the table on the degree of potential ecological risk.(5) This research provided new biomonitors for heavy metals pollution of Zhoushan sea area and the north shore of Hangzhou Bay. Both T. japonica and F. albicostatus were good biological indicators for contamination of Cu, Pb and Cr. O. cucullata was good biological indicators for contamination of Cu, Pb and Cd. Ballast water discharging and oil transfering on the Zhoushan sea area caused contamination of Cu and Hg locally. Petrochemical industrial waste on the north shore of Hangzhou Bay caused Pb pollution. |
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