Man-made Disasters Of The Transition Period Of Institutional Economics Analysis

In recent years, the environmental pollution, mine disaster, over-use and over-exploitation of natural resources and food safety problems are outstanding, which have become the highlight problems which social focus of human social development, however, all these problems attributable to the man-made disaster. The problem of environmental pollution is the most serious: pollution accident occurs every day at least once a year, economic loss hit the total value of about 10% of GDP for environmental pollution ,only in 2007, a pollution control cost amounted to $3387 million. For reasons of the man-made disaster and its prevention, the academia have many opinions for a long time, moreover, the academia has analyzed this from different angles. This article is based on the above reasons, to be in a new perspective, to give new suggestions about prevention of man-made disaster by a comprehensive analysis with many subjects.The man-made disaster is chosen as research object, the academic world review a variety of views about man-made disasters, and research achievements about this. These studies are mainly focused on mines, especially with respect to disasters which the scholar's study, but other forms are less. The author would like to make a breakthrough over common phenomena. Article mainly focus on man-made disasters, using the theory of new institution economics property right theory, rent seeking theory, external effect theory and system changes theory and etc., anglicizing the man-made disaster reasons in a new angle. Man-made disasters as environmental pollution, mine disaster, over-use and over-exploitation of natural resources and food safety problems, the author has make a thorough analysis and explained these man-made disasters how to effect the whole society in negative aspects. The author suggests the main cause of man-made disasters always is indistinct property right, the prevalence of"rent seeking" and"soft state". About these questions, the author design to further explore some countermeasures: first, we should establish the exclusive property of natural resources, to reduce phenomenon that abusing natural resources; secondly, using " Pigovian tax " scheme, system of emissions trading and clearly environmental property right to promote negative exterior internalization in processing, to solve problem of environmental contamination; finally, addressing the inner and external contradictions and controlling the system of government officials rent seeking to analysis how to reduce the mine disaster. The ending of article chooses our economic development"transforming period"- this particular stage of development as a background, discussing how effectively curbed man-made disasters occur, and explaining the importance of institutional improvement for our economic development in the transforming period, suggesting that we can reduce happening from improving the system of property rights, establishing effective implementation system, improving the legal system and credibility system and cultivating ideological form to promote effective operation of system.