A Study On Mental Health And Its Influcing Factors Of Rural Residents From Four Counties

Background:In China, mental health has been a prominent social problem.With the rural economical and social development and contradictions, the determants of mental health of farmers are getting increasingly complex. Various mental health problems are more prominent at the same time. As a result of the configuration of mental health resources, the gap between urban and rural is getting larger. The rural population who have larger mental health care needs don't have the sufficient resources. Therefore, mental health of rural residents is not optimistic.Currently, there are not many large sample surveys on mental health of rural residents. GHQ-12 questionnaire is simple, and easy to understand. It is very suitable for a wide range of mental health survey. However, few studies carried on the mental health of rural residents make use GHQ-12.Meanwhile, the current analysis methods of the study on mental health determinants of rural residents are maily correlation analysis, regression analysis and so on. Structural equation model has been increasingly used in the field of psychology. However, there are few people making use of SEM to conduct a study in the filed.Objectives:The general objective of this study is to analyze mental health status of rural residents from the four-counties, to explore the influcing factors of mental health, and to put forward developing recommendations for mental health interventions. Specific objectives:(1) To analysis the income of rural residents in four counties, self-rated health, life satisfaction, social support and other basic information; (2) To evaluate the reliability and validity of GHQ-12 in this study; (3) To explore the influcing factors of mental health with SEM.Data and Methods:Four counties from three provinces are selected for this study. They are AnYue County from Sichuan Province, CaoXian and ChiPing County from Shandong province and LinQuan from Anhui Province. According to the social economy and geography of these regions, Stratified random sampling was adopted and the surveyors are 2540 people. The data is mainly quantitative, descriptive analysis, comparative analysis; factoranalysis and structural equation modeling were used in this study.Main Results:1. GHQ-12 has good reliability and validity in the present study, the Cronbach a coefficient was 0.796, split-half reliability was 0.804; Factor analysis of GHQ-12 deduced a three-factor structure, a total of 54.419% of the variance can be explained. The correlation coefficients between factor scores and total score were 0.923,0.717, 0.630; the scale has a good validity.2. Among the 2540 respondents,3.5% of the population was at high risk of mental health status,10.0% of the people belong to moderate mental health risk status. 13.5% of total rural residents in four counties were in the state of mental health risk, the 95% confidence interval of incidence of mental dangerous was (12.2%,14.8%). GHQ-12 score distribution showed that the residents who are in danger of mental have the following four major psychiatric disorders:feeling unhappy, feeling that he is useful, lead an unhappy life, leads a life without taste.3. The influcing factors of mental health are education, economic status, marital status, physical health status, life satisfaction, social support, etc.The unmarried, widowed and divorced, people with lower education have a higher incidence of high riskof mental health; the higher income level of residents is, the better their mental health are. Structural equation model derived:(1) the path coefficients of physical health status and life satisfaction on the GHQ-12 scale three dimensions (anxiety, depression, anhedonia, lack of social function) are:-0.703,-0.700,-0.434. (2) Two path coefficients of Social trust on anxiety and depression, anhedonia were-0.107,-0.092. (3) Relationship between Social solidarity and the three dimensions of GHQ-12 need further study.Conclusion and Suggestions:Conclusion:(1) 13.5% of rural residents in four counties were at the danger state of mental health; (2) the reliability and validity of GHQ-12 of mental health in this large sample survey were good; (3) The factors influcing mental health of residents is in the wide range, including socio-demographic characteristics, health status, social support and so on.Countermeasures and Suggestions:(1) Prevention, implementation of key interventions, and focuse on the mental health of specific groups. (2) Social support situation of rural residents should be improved. (3) The rural mental health promotion and spread the prevention and treatment of mental health and mental illness should be enhanced.