A Intervention Study On The Knowledge, Attitude And Practice (KAP) About Diet And Physical Activity (Obesity) Of Primary School Pupils In Jinan

ObjectiveTo study the overweight and obesity epidemic situation of Jinan primary school students and the obesity related knowledge, attitude and eating behavior of basic situation. Evaluation of "Nutrition class" and "Happy ten minutes" based interventions for children with obesity-related KAP and effects on the control effect of overweight and obesity. Explore effective childhood obesity intervention and propose intervention models, provide the scientific method and basis for the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.MethodsAccording to stratified random sampling method, match Jinan primary schools with economic situation and sizes; choose two schools of each big, medium and small size, one for the intervention schools, the other as the control school. Choose 2-5 per school year two classes of students as research subjects. Intervention school students launched the "Nutrition class" and "Happy ten minutes" based interventions, before and after intervention survey obesity-related KAP and physical examination, evaluate the interventions on the impact of KAP and childhood obesity control effect.Result1. The basic situation:Total 1003 students (476 in intervention group,233 boys and 243 girls; 527 in control group,265 boys and 262 girls) were investigated at the pre-intervention and 931 students (449 intervention group, lost 27; 482 control group, lost 45) were follow-up at the end time. The lost to follow rate is 5.6% in intervention group and 8.5% in control group. Students in the intervention group and control group lost no significant difference (P>0.05).2. Overweight and obesity epidemic status:Baseline survey,181 students are overweight, accounting for 18.0%(103 boys, overweight rate 20.7%; 78 girls, overweight rate 15.4%), the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).187 students were found in obese, obesity rates of 18.6%. Among them,109 boys, obesity was 21.9%, female 78, obesity was 15.4%, male obesity rates was higher than girls, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).3. Obesity-related knowledge, attitudes, behavior cross-sectional survey results: obesity-related knowledge, attitude and behavior scores were 13.10±1.77,44.54±5.19,23.81±3.03. Different nutritional status of primary school students have significant differences in some subject of correct answer rate of nutritional knowledge, attitude and eating behavior, differences in knowledge, attitude and behavior score was not statistically significant. Male and female students of knowledge, attitude score difference was statistically significant (P<0.05; P<0.05), female students than male students. With the growth of age, primary school students improved nutrition knowledge scores (P<0.01).4. Intervention on the impact of obesity-related KAP:In the intervention group students, the average knowledge rate rise from 79.5% to 88.3%, in particular the correct answer rate of "Chinese food guide pyramid" from 16.2% to 41.0%. In the control group nutrition knowledge level of primary school students do not rise obviously. The correct rate of obesity-related attitudes held increased 4.1% on the intervention group and control group increased 1.3%. Intervention group students eating out frequency, the frequency of drinking milk, eating Western-style fast-food frequency and types of breakfast food before and after intervention were statistically significant differences (P<0.01). In addition to breakfast food types in control group were statistically significant changes before and after, the rest of the eating behavior did not change significantly, and there are individual rates of poor eating behavior increase. Intervention group pupils K, A, P scores and KAP total scores showed significant growth.5. Intervention:Control group, the average body mass index increased from baseline 18.57 to the end of 19.75, with an average growth rate of 6.4%; the intervention group increased from 18.69 to 19.53, with an average growth rate of 4.5%. In comparison, the difference was not statistically significant. The obesity rate, the intervention group students increased from 18.7% at the baseline time to 20.0%, an increase of 1.3%, at the end time, at the same time the control group students'rate increased from 18.6% to 21.2%, an increase of 2.6%. There had no significant effect on the children obesity control between the two group students. The end of the intervention group was 27.7% overweight emerging,38.3% in control group; the intervention group was lower than the control group. Emerging obesity intervention group was 22.2%,21.7% of the control group.ConclusionPrimary pupils in a serious epidemic of overweight and obesity, the students have some knowledge accumulation, but not comprehensive and in-depth, the wrong attitude to obesity and poor eating behavior exists, it should pay attention to and actively prevent and control. The "nutrition class" and "Happy ten minutes" activity-based, integrated intervention measures to improve the nutrition knowledge awareness, and reduce the incidence of unhealthy dietary behaviors, obesity prevention for children to play an active role in the control.