A Study On The East Of Hebei Province Smuggles And The Nationalist Government's Anti-smuggling (1932-1937)

In this paper, the author researched smuggles in the East of Hebei Province and the preventive measures of the Nationalist Government anti-smuggling. It discussed the complexity and of smuggles, the difficulty of anti-smuggling, the limitations of the Nationalist Government's anti-smuggling measures. Meanwhile, the writer reviewed the aggression essence of Japanese"the separation"North China strategy.This article foreword part summarized the related East of Hebei Province smuggles, scholarly research situation of the Nationalist Government anti-smuggling. The paper's writing origin, the research mentality, the research significance and the portal frame construction are described. The text is divided into four parts:The first part mainly outlined the historical perspective of the East of Hebei Province smuggles in the two aspects of Japanese aggression strategy of"the separation"the North China and the the Nationalist Government's policy at North China critical situation.The second part reviewed the historical process of the East of Hebei Province smuggles and also dealt with separately the East of Hebei Province smuggles' three different development phases.In the third part, the author analyzed the action of the Nationalist Government anti-smuggling. Three stages of the Nationalist Government anti-smuggling measures were explained from different stages of the evolution of the Nationalist Government anti-smuggling strategy, the formulation of anti-smuggling regulations, the establishment of anti-smuggling organizations and anti-smuggling team.The fourth section elaborated the serious influence of the East of Hebei Province smuggles to the Chinese internal and the diplomacy affairs, and has analyzed the effect of the Nationalist Government anti-smuggling and its existing problems.The conclusion part summarized the whole text, and opened out the purpose of Japanese planning the East of Hebei Province smuggles and the harm of the Nationalist Government's policy of compromise.The article believed that the East of Hebei Province smuggles was the organized smuggling by planing and operating under Japanese invaders, and carried on the economic the important aggression means to North China. It was also the important link of"the separation"the North China aggression policy. Nanjing Nationalist Government adopted a series of preventive measures at various stages of the East of Hebei Province smuggles, and had the containment action to the Japanese ronin crazy smuggling activities to a certain extent. However, with the Japanese having annexed and Nanjing Nationalist Government's changeable compromise and concessions policy to Japan, it was very difficult to anti-smuggling in the East of Hebei Province. Ultimately, North China customs were lost.