The Research Of Bici During Kangxi Period In Qing Dynasty

During the whole Qing dynasty, officials bade the emperor farewell before inauguration, which had a great influence on politics. The function of Bici was made absolutely during Kangxi period, which had meticulous diversification and played ample political roles."Kangxi qi ju zhu", as the original document which recorded the words and deeds of emperor Kangxi, there was a lot of records of Bici in it, which offered rich and creditable historical evidence about the formation and implementation of such system for study. Through understanding and case analysis, we could get severial interpretations about Bici . Firstly, it will tell us the three types of Bici, its venues, reward, and the discourse between officials and the emperor. Secondly, we can know the general content by analyzing the discourse between officials and the emperor. When officials bade the emperor farewell, emperor Kangxi gave them different instructions, in connection with officials'different experience, jobs, ability and location. There were other important factors which affect the different instructions of the emperor, such as fumiomi or takeomi, affinity distance, high or low rank. Simultaneously, officials gave unequal reply because of different experience, location and different questions from the emperor. The system of Bici during Kangxi period involved in several aspects, such as officials Chaojin, Yinjian, and particular sending. It was linked with bureaucracy and etiquette of Qing dynasty, having relationship with officials'promotion or demotion, it also affected passing on policy of the enperor , understanding the conditions of officials and the masses and identifying talents. At the same time, Bici provided officials a good chance to interflow with the emperor. With the effective practice of emperor Kangxi, Bici system during Kangxi period had an important impact on the emperor and officials who bade the emperor farewell before inauguration. At the same time,some recommendations that emperor Kangxi gave to the officials who bade the emperor farewell before inauguration were good for common people, some suggestion that the officials who bade the emperor farewell before inauguration gave to emperor Kangxi may bring certain benefits to common people,such as reducing tax, dredging river, reforming drawback of water transport and so on.Many instances reflected sectors about political, economic and society. In addition, the words that emperor Kangxi instructed officials and the strategy of doing things he assumed, also illustrated his administrative politics, ability of controlling officials and political philosophy. His true temperament was also reflected in the words, which provided a unique perspective to study the historical events and figures during Kangxi period.