| This article has made a comprehensive and deep study for the commercial development and regional characteristics of Zhangjiakou of mingqing dynasty with the theory of geographic, which has revealed the relationship and their interaction&restriction of commercial development, natural environment and humanity environment. The study of Zhangjiakou has practical meaning as it was a key commercial town in mingqing dynasty.This article has made a study on commercial development of Zhangjiakou in mingqing dynasty, which mainly focus on five aspects:1. State the advantages and disadvantages of local development which caused by natural environment from the perspective of geographical environment of zhangjiakou, and illustrate the process of establishment of zhangjiakou and historical factors of the development of business town from the perspective of social environment at that time.2. Analysis the changes of the transportation pattern, from which the development of business road of Zhangjiakou and the relationship of the road and natural&humanity relationships have been discussed.3. The commercial development of Zhangjiakou has demonstrated different situation at the turning point of Longqing peace negotiation, which has been changed from a frontier military consumer town to a foreign commercial city. The chapter has made some analysis on reasons and products structures for forming the frontier military consumer town before longqing peace negotiation, and the classification and products structure of ethnical commercial market after peace negotiation.4. Since Qing dynasty, the administrative division of Zhangjiakou has been changed and the commercial development has been promoted; The commercial type has been transformed from Mongolia trade to Russian trade, from internal trade to external trade. This chapter has made analysis on commercial products and types of Zhangjiakou from the perspective of the transformation process. The prosperous of Zhangjiakou market can be understood by diversity types of commercial goods of Zhangjiakou. 5. This chapter has discussed that the commerce has promoted city development; this promotion has been embodied in the transformation of city pattern and function. The middle of qing dynasty has been the period of great prosperity of Zhangjiakou: commercial markets increased, products circulation increased, economic development flourished. However, this kind of development remains great dependency, which is the primary cause of its final depression. |
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