| With the rapid development of social economy, people begin to pay more attention to their own living environment. The living environment is the basis of human production and life, and related to human development and social progress. Strengthen the dynamic research about the natural condition of human settlement environment not only can scientifically analyze the spatial pattern and variation of human settlement environment natural suitability and coordinate the sustainable development between regional population, resources and environment, but also can provide decision support for the region’s future development program, simultaneously has a practical significance for reasonably guiding the distribution of population and correctly dividing the region’s functional district.Topography, climate, hydrology and land cover are the basic natural elements of human settlement environment which not only directly affect the people’s health and life quality, but also deeply affect the suitability of human living environment. With the help of GIS, RS and SPSS technology, based on the data for the study area including meteorological data from35weather stations in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing from1997to2009,1:5million DEM data,1:5million land use data (include years of1997/2005/2009), TM images (include years of1997/2005/2009) used for extraction the NDVI, population data, economic data and other relevant materials, used25m X25m grid as elevation unit, combined with the actual situation of the two counties, this paper selects topography, climate, hydrology and land cover as individual indicators, and calculates the raster data sets of Relief Degree of Land Surface(RDLS), Temperature Humidity Index(THI), Wind Effect Index(K), Fashion Index(ICL), Hydrological Index(HI) and Land Cover Index(LCI). And then based on the indexs and the distribution of population, this paper uses correlation coefficient method to determine the weights of each evaluation factor and establishes the Human settlement Environment composite Index (HECI) model. And then, we quantitatively and dynamically evaluate and analyze the human settlement environment natural suitability of Fengjie and Wushan County in1997,2005and2009. Finally, according to population data and residential land which comes from land-use data, we deal with the spatial distribution of population, and then combined with the natural suitability evaluation results; we analyze their relationship and propose optimized recommendations. The results show that:(1) In1997,2005and2009, the areas of non-suitable regions respectively are151.73km2,264.95km2,162.85km2and238.66km2,321.63km2,351.41km2, accounted for3.71%,6.48%,3.98%and8.07%,10.87%,11.88%of the total area of Fengjie and Wushan County, and are mainly distributed in the area above the altitude of1800m of the Qiyao and Mt.Wu Mountains situated in southwest and southern of Fengjie County, also in the area above the altitude of2000m of the Daba Mountain, Qiyao and Mt.Wu Mountains situated in northeast, southwest and southeast of Wushan County, where the RDLS is the largest while the climate suitability and LCI is the lowest. In short, they are unsuitable for living. In2009, the number of people living in the region of Fengjie and Wushan County separately was1.45million and0.89million, accounted for1.36%and1.39%of the total population of two counties.(2) Critical-suitable districts respectively cover areas of758.31km2,805.27km2,568.87km2and423.12km2,657.49km2,563.05km2, accounted for18.55%,19.70%,13.92%and14.30%,22.23%,19.03%of the total area of Fengjie and Wushan County, are mainly located in the northeast, southwest and southeast higher elevations and steeper terrain area, and are scattered in the northwest and central area of the study area, where RDLS is larger, the climate suitability, LCI and he hydrological index are lower. The number of people living in the region of Fengjie and Wushan County separately was8.04million and6.24million, accounted for7.56%and9.78%of the total population of two counties.(3) Low-suitable districts respectively cover areas of1725.60km2,1333.23km2,1059.84km2and802.45km2,906.16km2,804.81km2, accounted for42.22%,32.62%,25.93%and27.13%,30.63%,27.21%of the total area of Fengjie and Wushan County. They are mainly distributed in the valley, parallel ridge-valley region, low mountains and hills region, the distribution is dispersed and the situation of these regions is different:the RDLS is large, but the climate suitability and hydrological index are good in the low mountains and hills region; the RDLS is low and the climate suitabilityis good, but the hydrological index and the Land Cover Index are low in the valley and parallel ridge-valley region. The number of people who were living in the region of Fengjie and Wushan County separately was20.82million and14.65million, accounted for19.59%and22.98%of the total population of two counties.(4) Moderate-suitable and high-suitable districts respectively cover areas of1451.36km2,1683.56km2,2295.44km2and1493.77km2,1072.72km2,1238.73km2, accounted for35.51%,41.19%,56.16%and50.50%,36.27%,41.88%of the total area of Fengjie and Wushan County. They are mainly distributed in and near the Yangtze River, Daning River, Meixi River, Futian River, Daxi River, Yangxi River, Madu River, Shisun River, Caotang River, Zhuyi River and so on, and are scattered in the flat regions between parallel ridge-valleies and parts of the transition zone, where the RDLS is the smallest, the climate suitability, the LCI and the hydrological index are better, especially the density of river is high in the regions near the river where the natural suitability of the mountainous human settlement environment is best. The number of people living in the region of Fengjie and Wushan County separately was75.96million and41.99million, accounted for71.49%and65.85%of the total population of two counties.In general, Fengjie and Wushan County are relatively suitable for human settlement, and Fengjie County’s natural suitability is superior to Wushan County. In1997,2005, and2009, the trend of Fengjie County has been upward, but Wushan County first decline after rising. The ecological environment in the study area is more and more better, more and more suitable for human settlement. But by the impacts of unique mountainous landscape and the Three Gorges Reservior Area, the spatial distribution of their human settlement environment is quite different. At the same time, the distribution of the population is more reasonable, most people were living in moderate-suitable and high-suitable districts whose living environment was more comfortable. |
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