Research On The Famine And Nongovernmental Relief In Guangxi During The Period Of The Republic Of China

During the Period of the Republic of China, Guangxi province where natural disasters and misfortune from soldiers or banditry intertwined, was a place whose famine was called as scrious disaster. During this period, the famine of Guangxi with frequent floods and droughts had the following significant characteristics:the affected area was broad, a wide variety of natural disasters, complicated by a variety of disasters, disaster vulnerability was serious, massivc destruction and other notable features.Therefore the famine was extremely grave disaster to the people of all nationalities in Guangxi. Faced with famine, Guangxi nongovcrmmcntal organizations raised relief funds through various channels, in the meantime they relieved with omprehensive measures.Point of view, from the causes of the Republic of China, Guangxi rural economy backwardness, farmers’resilience to hazards being low, frequent wars, coupled with the natural factors such as climate, hydrology, geology, geomorphology, soil and vegetation, together constituted a serious Guangxi famine. It can be said that in the Republic of China, Guangxi famine was the result of the dual role of the natural and social factors.Whether it was townsmen association based on the geo-rclationship, or ancestral hall based on the consanguinity, coupled with the new Chamber of Commerce and Modern introduced from the West charities, religious organizations, etc. together formed the Republic of China Guangxi the main forces of the nongovernmental relief. These nongovernmental organizations, with their own unique way, through providing free porridge or grain for the poor, medical relief. fundraising for clothing and quilts, volunteering work and fundraising for charity rivcr crossing and other measures, eager to carry out relief activities, to contribute to the progress or growth of folk relief institutions in guangxi in republican period.In front of the famine, all orders of society including personage both at home and abroad had devoted money or hard work to cause of guangxi folk relief.With the help of the Church headquarters funding and self-income generation, benefit performance and charity sale government grants and donations and so forth, nongovernmental organizations raised relief funds. And this reflected estimable spirit that was unity and mutual aid. With the conjunct efforts of civil society organizations and governments at all levels, front-line soldiers, refugees, child refugees and other victims get the care and placement on the spiritual and material.Factors such as ideology, government, media and elite class profoundly affected the cause of the Republic of China Guangxi folk remedies. The conventional benevolence ideology and religious concept of charity intertwined, affected the Republic of China Guangxi folk remedies. Government who enacted relevant policies, laws and regulations and other means had infiltrated political factors into the civil relief. The elite class who had been enthusiastic about public welfare, set a good example for nongovernmental relief institutions. The media of the modern newspaper, publications and telegrams, not only had broaden the scope of the disaster spread, but also expanded the social impact of the relief, help to raise relief funds for civil society organizations, became an important bridge of communication,which linked government,society people and folk society organizations.During the Period of Republic of China,Guangxi civil relief forces were diversified.Not only had traditional ancestral shrines, townsmen association and other organizations played a role, but also the active participation of the Chamber of Commerce in Modern, Western religious organizations and other charities organizations. Overall, the Chamber of Commerce, townsmen association, the gentry class, etc. with loose structure and slack strength were not organised closely.And ancestral hall,"the feelings of respect ancestor to form a unity and cohesion of the organization ", reflected it as a feudal patriarchal clan system. As the representative of modern mass media, the newspaper, positive coverage of the disaster, appealed for contributions to mutual aid, advocated praisable spirit that is to help the weak and support the poor, launched a relief campaign, contributed to the cause of Guangxi folk remedies in a unique way.All in all, Guangxi folk remedies during the Period of the Republic of China had a more far-reaching impact on the economy and social structure. Government assistance can not cover everything.And civil remedies with flexible, convenient features make it as a "lubricant’" for benign development of the society. As far as individuals is concerned, civil relief met the needs of victims by providing food and clothing, reducing the sufferings for the people; when it comcs to society, nongovernmental relief to a certain extent improved the relief mechanism, reduced the burden and pressure of all levels of government relief, eased the social contradictions, made an important contribution to economic and social development.Specialized and systematic study of the famine and nongovernmental relief in Guangxi During the Period of the Republic of China,will not only enrich the content of the study of the Chinese famine history, to a certain extent, but also helps us to better understand the law of natural disasters and accumulate relevant experience in relief,thereby makes due contribution for the construction of the current theory of China’s social security and work practices.