A Research About Peasant Environmental Behavior On The Ecological Managemennt

With the development of the rural economy, the transfer of urban industries to rural areas,the changes in the way of peasants’ consumption, the rural ecological environment is underunprecedented pressure. The degeneration of rural ecological environment, not only threatensthe comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of the rural economy andsociety, also results in an unprecedented challenge to the production and living of peasantswhich threats to their survival, health and development. The system of rural existingecological environment governance plays an important role in prevention and control ofenvironmental pollution and the restoration of the ecological damage, but its negative effect isalso prominent. The major shortcomings of the system are: the "big governmentalism","city-centralism","economic centrism" of the enterprises, the missing of the environmentalNGO and such, out of them, the missing of the peasant subject status is also an importantreason of the effectiveness on environmental management in rural areas. Peasants’participation in environmental governance is not only in favor of reducing the cost ofenvironmental governance, but also conducive to the governance of rural non-point sourcepollution, as well as protecting the peasants’ environmental interests. Therefore, to research ofthe environmental behavior on peasants, analyze the main factors on affecting peasantenvironmental behavior, build the peasant environmental behavior mechanisms and proposethe basic measures to stimulate peasants’ environmental behavior, all above make greatsignificance for the improvement of environmental governance in rural areas, protection ofthe rural environment and the peasant interests, and the promotion of the comprehensive andsustainable health development of rural economy.This paper uses the theory of peasant behavior, theory of environmental governance,environmental sociology, environmental economics, environmental education, environmentallaw and the theory of citizen participation, firstly, treats the rural environmental governancemodel, refers to build a new environmental governance model which is market-based,enterprise focused and peasant-oriented becomes critical. Bases on analyzing the relationshipbetween peasant environmental behavior and rural environmental governance, getting that thepeasant environmental behavior is significant for the optimization and upgrading of the ruralenvironmental governance. Secondly, limits to the connotation, characteristics and classification of the peasant environmental behavior, points out that according to theoccurrence of the field, the peasant environmental behavior can be divided into three-theproduction environmental behavior, life environmental behavior and participation inenvironmental behavior. The third is the analysis of the factors that affect the peasantenvironmental behavior, which shows two factors, corpus factor and non-corpus factor,corpus factor mainly refers to its own direct impact on ecological literacy, ecologicalrequirements, environmental capacity of the peasant environmental behavior. Non-corpusfactor includes the Government factors, market factors, legal factors, organizational factors,information factors and such indirect effects of peasant behavior, the occurrence of thepeasant environmental behavior is the result of an effect on corpus factor and non-corpusfactor. Finally, according to the factors that affect peasant environmental behavior, a basicmechanisms was built to promote peasant environmental behavior, including the ecologicalliteracy to generate mechanisms, government support mechanisms, legal protection system,market guidance mechanism, self-organizing participation mechanisms and informationdisclosure mechanism, then proposes seven major measures to stimulate peasantenvironmental behavior: First, develop environmental education in rural areas and increasepeasant ecological literacy; Second, increase peasants’ income and stimulate their ecologicalrequirements; Third, play the role of government to create the peasants’ managementconditions; Fourth, improve the relevant policies to encourage them to green production; Fifth,accelerate rural legislation to protect the environmental participation of them; Sixth, improvethe rural self-government organizations to promote peasant environmental behavior; Seventh,complete the open system of environment to make an easy access to information for them.