Research On The Technology Of Regional Ecological Risk Assessment In Planning Environmental Impact Assessment

With the further development of national strategy on key area, industry and sector, ecological risk caused by human planning and exploitation is increasing. Some areas are now facing with negative ecological impacts including environmental pollution, habitat degradation and biodiversity loss, which makes ecological risk assessment (ERA) before the implementation of a plan become more urgent. In this paper, we reviewed the history of regional ecological risk assessment (RERA), summarized the results, experiences and problems of mainstream framework at home and abroad, presented a framework of RERA suitable for China’s case which consists of four parts:Risk Problem Formulation, Pressure-State-Response Analysis, Comprehensive Assessment and Risk Management. In the framework, we enhanced the input of risk manager and interested parties, summed up the regional risk sources, improved the content of comprehensive assessment. Hoping the framework can promote the application of RERA in China’s Planning Environmental Impact Assessment.On the basis of the proposed framework on RERA suited to China’s planning EIA background, we have completed the definition of the risk problem about various planning objects which can provide the method of identification, quantification and characterization of risk source; constructed indicator database suitable for multi-scale regional risk that provided reference for evaluating multiple ecological impact from; presented an evaluation system made by the characterization of risk distribution, the cumulative assessment and the focusing analysis on the comprehensive evaluation stage that measured the regional risk temporal and spatial heterogeneity.Then we take "the Coal-Mining planning on Shanxi Province Shenfu Mining Xinming area" for example and apply the assessment system successfully. Compared with the EIA of the overall planning on that mining areas, the results reflect the overall situation and show a certain geographical pattern. Specifically, Guojiawan-Shiyaodian and Miaogou meng Industrial Zone have become into the grade one risk area because of its high intensity mining, advanced coal preparation industry, diverted ecological water due to industrial need, serious soil erosion; the grade two risk area is the surrounding radiation area of grade one, the radiation range of roughly3-5km; the grade three risk area is areas of large mine field and the erosion moderate zone; the grade four risk areas are the mine reserve regional and the integration of local coal mine in the planning mine field; the grade five risk areas are areas of worthless and areas prohibited to exploit (juniper natural reserves). Because of the strong correlation between evaluation factors, the result shows that there is a regional cumulative effect but still is a true and reliable assessment.The study showed that the method which use RS and GIS technology and take the evaluation indicators selected by the division of the risk sources and ecosystem receptors is feasible in RERA. The results fully showed the temporal and spatial distribution of regional risk, provided a scientific basis for planning the layout, structure and size of the industrial development and promoted the research on the Technology of Regional Ecological Risk Assessment in Planning Environmental Impact Assessment.