Preparation And Properties Of One Dimensional Iron And Iron Oxide Nanomaterials Via Electrospinning

Recently, electrospinning technology is developed very quickly and hasgained much attention in the world. In this paper, PVA nanofibers, PVA/Fe（NO₃）₃composite nanofibers, Fe₂O₃nanofibers and nanotubes, Fe3O4nanotubes and Fenanofibers were successfully obtained by electrospinning using the raw materials ofFe（NO3）3and PVA. These one dimensional nanomaterials were characterized byXRD, FTIR, TG-DSC, SEM, TEM, VSM.PVA nanofibers were prepared successfully by electrospinning. Theparameters to control the fiber’s diameter and continuity in the electrospinningprocess were studied. Finally, the PVA concentration of12%w/v, applied voltageof20kv and collector distance of16cm was choosed as the optimal parameters toprepare PVA nanofibers.PVA/Fe（NO₃）₃composite nanofibers were prepared successfully byelectrospinning. The parameters to control the fiber’s diameter and continuity inthe electrospinning process were also studied, and the PVA concentration of13%w/v, applied voltage of27kv and collector distance of11cm were used as theoptimal parameters to prepare composite nanofibers and PVA/Fe（NO₃）₃compositenanofiber membranes were obtained.Fe₂O₃nanofibers and nanotubes, Fe3O4nanotubes and Fe nanofibers weresuccessfully fabricated by changing the calcinations technology. The compositenanofibers with the smooth surface have the average diameter of about350nm.After calcinations in the air at550oC with a rising rate of1oC/min-1, Fe₂O₃nanofibers were obtained. If the rising rate was changed to10oC/min-1, Fe₂O₃nanotubes with outer and inner diameters of100nm and60nm were obtained. Thenthese nanotubes were deoxidized at380oC with a rising rate of10oC/min-1, Fe3O4nanotubes with outer and inner diameters of100nm and50nm were obtained. Ifrising the reductive temperature to700oC, Fe nanofibers were prepared.The catalytic thermal decomposition of AP with Fe₂O₃nanotubes and themagnetic properties of Fe3O4nanotubes and Fe nanofibers were studied. Fe₂O₃nanotubes have no effects on the changing of endothermic transformation while it can accelerate the high-temperature exothermic decomposition obviously. With theamount of15%Fe₂O₃nanotubes, the temperature of high-temperaturedecomposition of AP was reduced86.2oC. The saturation magnetization, coercivityand remanent magnetization of the obtained Fe3O4nanotubes were about54.2emu/g,215Oe and12.8emu/g, respectively. The saturation magnetization, coercivity andremanent magnetization of the Fe nanofibers were about119emu/g,92Oe and9.2emu/g, respectively.In the current work, one dimensional iron and iron oxide nanomaterials wereprepared by electrospining, which would widen the application of electrospinningand provide valuable imformation for the later research on the fabrication of otherone dimensional metalic nanomaterials. The approach for producing Fe₂O₃andFe3O4nanotubes would also lay a foundation for producing one dimensional oxideswith hollow structures.