Synthesis, Characterization And Properties Of Polyether Quaternary Ammonium Salt Polymer Surfactant

In the thesis, new type polyether quaternary ammonium salt (PEQAS),polymer surface active agent was prepared by two different method of synthesis using epichlorohydrin as monomer. It was characterized solubility, apparent viscosity and surface properties of performance of different PEQAS, meanwhile, discussed the PEQAS surfactants aqueous adsorption process. Effect of composition, concentration, quaternary ammonium salt content of the PEQAS on the adsorption diffusion coefficient was researched particularly.1. Synthesis and characterization of PEQASThe synthesis of different structural linear/crosslinking type PEQAS from polyepichlorohydrin as polymer while BF3Et2O as the initiator was prepared by quaterisation reaction using Triethylamine(TEA), Triethanolamine(TEAA) and N-N-dimethylphenylamine (PhDMA) as quaternary ammonium and1,4-Diaza[2.2.2] bicyclooctane (DABCO) as crosslinking quaternary ammonium reagent. With NMR, ubbelohde viscometer and precipitation titration, the structure of PEQAS was characterized; Effect of factors such as amount of initiator and quaterisation reagent, reaction temperature, reaction time, solvents on the mole fraction of grafted quaternary ammonium group was investigated. The results showed that linear type PEQAS is liquid and crosslinking type PEQAS is solid at room temperature. With the amount of quaterisation reagent and their different structure, the content of quaternary ammonium salt groups of PEQAS is also different, with the increase of the content of the quaterisation reagent, and the content of quaternary ammonium salt groups of PEQAS was also increased.2. Structure and performance of PEQAS.Surface property of PEQAS was excellent, PEQAS can significantly reduce the surface tension of the aqueous solution. Effect of factors such as kinds of PEQAS, it’s concentration and the content of quaternary ammonium salt groups on dynamic surface tension(DST) was analysised. DST experimental data calculation results found that with increasing concentration and content of the quaternary ammonium salt groups, it can increase strongly the surface properties of aqueous solution. Researching found that the diffusion coefficient of the different structure PEQAS is different. The diffusion of alkyl chain quaternary ammonium salt groups is high:PETEA> PETEAA> PEPhDMA> PEDABCO. In the same structure of PEQAS, the higher the amount of quaternary ammonium salt groups, the greater the diffusion coefficients.In the PEQAS solution to study the critical micelle concentration (CMC), it is found that CMC value of similar PEQAS and the amount of quaternary ammonium salt groups have close relations, and the more amounts of quaternary ammonium salt groups, the higher CMC value is, but the smaller the balance tension. For the several different structures of PEQAS, experimental data show that the CMC value change is not big, the amount of quaternary ammonium salt groups is the main affecting factors.Water-soluble of PEQAS is better, and can also dissolve in both big polarity and big dielectric constant organic solvent. Their water solution foaming ability and foam stability is much lower than dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium (C12LAS), for the same PEQAS, with the increasing of the content of quaternary ammonium salt groups the froth performance was increased. But the different structure PEQAS:PETEA> PETEAA> PEPhDMA> PEDABCO. In the same experimental conditions of the dispersion performance, the dosage of PEQAS is much more than C12LAS, and the dispersing performance is also lower than C12LAS, but the stability of dispersing capability slightly better.