| Quaternary ammonium surfactants are a kind of the most widely used cationic surfactant,which widely used as fabric finishing agent,such as bactericidal agent,softening agent,antistatic agent and emulsifier.They have a great practical application in textile industry.In this paper,six silicone quaternary ammonium surfactants and two quaternary ammonium surfactants with short fluoroalkyl chain were designed and synthesized based on the development of green,efficient,multi-functional as the dominant ideology.Surface properties of the synthesized surfactants were studied systematically.The surfactants were then used in dehydration of cotton fabrics,which provide experimental basis for the application of quaternary ammonium surfactants in energy saving process in textile industry.The specific contents of the thesis are as follows:The first chapter,the source and significance of the research were introduced,and the structure and properties of surfactants and their application in various fields were summarized.The second chapter,three kinds of single ionic silicone quaternary ammonium surfactants were synthesized.The structure of the products were characterized by FTIR and1 H NMR.The reaction conditions were optimized by the single factor method,and the best reaction conditions are selected as follows: benzyl alcohol as solvent,KI as catalyst,95 ℃ and 48 h under the protection of N2,the molar ratio of raw materials(tertiary amine: siloxane propyl chloride: KI)was 1∶3∶0.03.The surface properties and application properties of the synthesized surfactants were studied by measuring their surface tension,contact angle,hydrolysis properties and adsorption properties.It was found that all the surfactants can reduce the surface tension of water to 21 mN·m-1and the structure of the surfactants have influence on the wetting properties of different substrates.The surfactants were found easy to be hydrolyzed by measuring the surface tension change with time,and also have good adsorption properties on cotton fabric.The second chapter,three kinds of gemini silicone quaternary ammonium surfactants with different spacers were synthesized.The structure of the products were characterized by FTIR and1 H NMR.The reaction conditions were optimized by the single factor method,and the best reaction conditions are selected as follows: benzyl alcohol as solvent,KI as catalyst,100 ℃ and48 h under the protection of N2,the molar ratio of raw materials was 1∶4∶0.04.The surface properties and application properties were studied by measuring the surface tension,contact angle,hydrolysis properties and adsorption properties.It was found that all the surfactants can reduce the surface tension of water to about 20 mN·m-1and the spacer of the surfactant have little influence on the wetting properties of different substrates.In addition,the three kinds of surfactants had good adsorption properties on cotton fabric,and the surfactants with amide group in the spacer were found extremely easily hydrolyzed.The fourth chapter,two kinds of short fluoroalkyl chain quaternary ammonium surfactants with different spacers were synthesized.The structure of the products were analyzed and confirmed by FTIR and1 H NMR.The surface properties were studied by measuring the surface tension,compatibility and contact angle.It was found that the surfactants can reduce the surface tension of water to lower than 20 mN·m-1,and their CMC were 0.3 mmol·L-1and 1.1 mmol·L-1separately.The compatibility of the surfactants with SDBS were studied.It was found that the synergistic effect achieve to the best when the mass concentration ratio of the two components was 1∶1.The treated polypropylene(PP)was found have better wetability by measuring the contact angle of before and after treated PP.The fifth chapter,the applications of the eight kinds of quaternary ammonium surfactants in the dehydration of cotton fabrics were studied,and a systematic dehydration method was established.The water retention rate,residual moisture content and dehydration efficiency of surfactant solution treated polyester cotton fabrics were measured,and the surface energy of the fabric in different solutions were studied by captive bubble method.It was found that the water retention rate and residual moisture content of polyester cotton fabrics soaking with surfactant solutions were decreased compared to pure water,and they were decreased with the increasing of the concentration of surfactant solutions.Of them,after soaking in 0.5 g·L-1silicone quaternary ammonium surfactant IV1,polyester cotton fabrics get the highest dehydration efficiency increase,up to 24.84 % compared with soaking in water. |
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