| The fruit body of Auricularia auricula (L.ex Hook)Underw is one of the most important medical and edible fungi. It is rich of polysaccharides that have multiple pharmacological activities and bioactivities including immuno-stimulation, anti-tumor, anti-coagulant, anti-oxidation. In this paper, Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAP) was prepared and pharmacological effects was studied.1. Water extraction and ethanol precipitation method was used to obtain AAP. The hot water extration method was used by orthogonal experiment. The optimized conditions were liquid/solid ratio being60, extracting3hours at80℃for twice, the extraction rate of crude polysaccharide was8.94%. The Sevag and enzymolysis method and dialysis with deionized water were used to obtain AAP. It was grey brown and the polysaccharide content and protein content were8.94%and5.87%, respectively.2. To investigate the prophylactic effect of AAP on immunological liver injury. AAP (100or200mg/kg) was administered orally to experimental mice. The hepatoprotective activity of AAP was evaluated against Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced immunological liver injury (ILI) in mice. The indexes of spleen, thymus and liver were measured. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), interleukin-12(IL-12) and interleukin-18(IL-18) in serum, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and nitric oxide (NO) in mice liver tissues were measured. To some extent, AAP reduced the BCG/LPS-induced elevated liver index, and increased the indexes of spleen and thymus. AAP could diminish serum AST and ALT levels, hepatic NO and MDA contents, and restored hepatic SOD activity in ILI mice. AAP treatment also repressed abnormally high levels of serum IL-2, IL-18and liver TNF-a, IFN-y.3. The anti-inflammatory activity of AAP was studied by the models of celiac capillary permeability, granuloma caused by implanted cotton and trauma-induced toe congestion. Writhing test was used to study analgesic effect. All doses of AAP could significantly reduce the elevation of celiac capillary permeability and the swelling of granulation induced by cotton ball, dose-trend was showed in a certain range, and the ratio of inhibiting granuloma induced by cotton ball were45.83%,39.48%and35.31%, respectively. As well as, they could reduce trauma-induced toe congestion compared with those in control. The incubation period of pain was increased, meanwhile the writhing times was reduced in mice treated with acetic acid by AAP.4. To study the antitussive and expectorant effects of AAP, ammonia induced mice coughing model was used to evaluate the antitussive activity and the expectorant activity was evaluated by volume of phenol red in mice’s tracheas. High dose of AAP could significantly reduce the frequency of cough with ammonia and prolongen the delitescence, the ratio of inhibiting cough and antitussive activity were20.06%and35.82%, respectively. Middle dose of AAP showed an obvious effect on antitussive action, and the ratio of inhibiting cough and antitussive activity were17.88%and31.93%, respectively. High dose of AAP also could increase the secreted volume of phenolsulfonphthalein in mice’s tracheas.5. To study the effects of AAP on intestinal propulsive and gastric empty function of mice. Charcoal as a marker was orally administered to determine the propulsive function of small intestine in normal mice and mice pretreated with neostigmine and adrenergic. Gastric empty method was used to assay gastric emptying in normal, neostigmine-treated and adrenaline-treated mice. All doses of AAP could significantly improve the propulsive function of small intestine in normal mice; High and middle doses of AAP could increase the rate of gastric emptying in normal mice.The antagonistic effect of AAP against the increase of gastrointestinal movement and gastric empty was remarkable in neostigmine-treated mice at the dose of200mg/kg. |
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