| Objective:To explore the modern research about processing Chinesemateria medica based on thermal analysis techniques and applying it to further discuss on processing Zushima stir-fried with licorice; To monitor the changing process of the chemicals in the effective,toxic and irritating parts during the processing progress; To testify the conventional craft and mechanism of carbonizing process of the herbals（Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma, Moudan Cortex, Sanguisorbae Radix） and establish “moderate” qualitative and quantitative methods of “carbonizing process whileproperty preserved”.Methods:To study the pyrolysis characteristics of the effective partof Zushima extracted by diacolation method,extraction part（thepetroleum ether fraction, the chloroform the ethyl acetate fraction, and the n-butyl alcohol fraction）, solid powder of licoricejuice, mixture of the three properties in the ratio of the raw materia （Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma, Moudan Cortex, Sanguisorbae Radix）, extractum（water extract of Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma、alcohol extract of Moudan Cortex, Sanguisorbae Radix）, and the tannins（Rhatannin,, Sanguisorba tannins, Cortex moutan tannins） under the simulated normal atmosphere, by simulating the processing progress of Chinese materia medica utilizing theThermogravimetric （TG） technology, and discuss the processing technology and the mechanism. Explain the processing mechanism by TG-MS applied to the research about Escaping gas of effective part and petroleum ether fraction of Zushima,Rhei Radix ET Rhizoma, Moudan Cortex, Sanguisorbae Radix.Use the SEM-EDS technology on analysis of the carbonizationproducts composition and morphology with different temperature, and then stablish “moderate” qualitative and quantitative methods of “carbonizing process while property preserved”.Results:①Compared with Zushima effective parts`TG-DTG curve,the temperature range from320℃to390℃,petroleum ether extraction parts`weight lessness which is considered to has a strong irritating, weight lessness rate peak which in354℃as0.69%·min-1 gradually moved forward, as the quantity of licoricesolid powder added increasely and mergered with weightlessness rate peak which around265℃,finally. In addition, thermalweight loss rate peaks which located at291℃`s2.38%·min-1 and at516℃`s2.42%·min-1 of Zushima effective parts move toward lower temperature, moving near20-26℃and19-50℃, and the former`s weight loss rate was significantly reduced, while the latter contrasts.With programmed temperature heating, petroleum ether part was easy to lose, when licorice solid powder`s quantity was added to increase. At the same time, the main efficacy components of Zushima were slowed down to lose.②After adding some solid licorice juice powder, there aregreat changes in the chemical composition of Zushima. The thermal weight loss rate peaks of petroleum ether fraction and the chloroform fraction increase.However,the thermal weight loss rate peaks of the ethyl acetate fraction and the n-butanol fraction decrease, which was investigated in the range of100-200℃. The toxic and irritant ingredients’ reactivity of petroleumether and chloroform fractions increased,which react to losingand reducing content,thus to reducing the toxicity. While the reaction activity is decreased for the ethyl acetate portion and the n-butanol portion, and its medicinal ingredient get a better retention.③By monitoring evolved gas of effective part and petroleum ether fraction by TG-MS，the signals’style and location of effective part were the same with being added before.But the signal strength was weakened, and petroleum ether fraction wason the contrary.After plusing solid licorice juice powder, temperature stability for chemical substances in effective part wereenhanced, which were not easy to be destroyed,while temperature stability for chemical substances in petroleum ether fraction were instable, and easy to lose.④On the Volatile release stage, the temperatures indicated by the maximum weight loss rate peak of the above threeextracts were taken as the upper-limit temperatures of carbonizing process of the herbals, and which were200℃,240℃and247℃for Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma, Moudan Cortex, Sanguisorbae Radix respectively. ⑤The ion monitoring signal peaks was detected through the evolved gas, between200℃to300℃, by TG-MS methodcorresponded with former papers, for Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma,Moudan Cortex, Sanguisorbae Radix respectively.⑥Fire index, S=（Mass·DTGmax）／Ti, was selected to describe “carbonizing process while property preserved” precisely.And the numbers were1.03×10-3-2.40×10-3,7.83×10-5-2.63×10-4and2.51×10-5-5.93×10-4 for Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma, MoudanCortex, Sanguisorbae Radix respectively. The first order reaction kinetics model can be used to describe the process mechanism of the three traditional Chinese herbals pyrolysis, and Rvalue of three heating rate,5℃·min-1,10℃·min-1,20℃·min-1, range from0.976to0.990,0.959to0.982and0.967to0.977respectively.Above all, it shows this model is better to describe three traditional Chinese herbals’pyrolysis process.⑦In traditional carbonizing processing by sir-frying involved in the heating temperature range; only which condensed tannins and complex tannins get volatilization,and which has notyet reached hydrolyzable tannin pyrolytic temperature, at the same time,which the hydrolyzable tannin content increase relatively, Rhatannin, Sanguisorba tannins, Cortex moutan tannins and gallic acid were compared with the pyrolysis characteristics.Hence, previous research results were not comprehensive thattotal tannin content increased after carbonizing process, which saw Gallic acid as controls.⑧Using Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy DispersiveSpectrometer （SEM-EDS） technique to find the critical point ofbeing carbonized and ashing, and which were300℃,400℃and350℃for Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma, Moudan Cortex, Sangu isorbae Radix respectively. It also showed that Ca volatility less than C for Moudan Cortex, Sanguisorbae Radix, and vice verse for Rhei Radix ET Rhizoma. Hence, it could speculate that the hemostatic antidiarrheal mechanism for different herbswas different.Conclusion:Thermal analysis can promote the breadth and depth of researching the processing of Chinese materia medica. We practice this issue which from the “Processing-pyrolysis correlation”,“Fire/furnace-temperature correlation”,“Moderate/carbonizing process while property preserved-’the inherent medicinalcomponents and external Characters’ correlation”, etc., The aim of this research was to further enrich the connotation and denotation of the processing of Chinese materia medica, and itwas more innovative as well. |
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