A Study On The Vocabulary&Grammar Of Lintan Dialect

Lintan, which was called Tao state in ancient times, is located in the east of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, on the northeast verge of Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The east to Lintan is Min county, west Kangle and Weiyuan County, surrounded by Zhuoni County by east, west and south. It is a key position which is famous for tea-horse trade with the total area of1557.68square kilometers. The unique region and polytechnic background contribute to its independent language system. The reasons why I choose this subject are as follows:firstly, Lintan dialect is my native tongue, which makes it possible to conduct a comprehensive and deep research; secondly, there is no relevant research on the grammar of Lintan dialect; last but not the least, Lintan dialect is the living fossil of dialect contact and integration because mandarian and Amdo Tibetan influenced each other in this area for a long time. Taking spoken language of Lintan dialect as object, this paper tries to demonstrate the grammar characteristics of it based on the introduction of the geography, history, ethnic groups and language of Lintan through description and comparison, with the help of the theory of language contact and variant. The second,third and forth chapter respectively described the difference of Mandarin special vocabulary, morphology and syntax.Lexical in Lintan dialect. syntax.Lexical aspect is mainly described in Lintan dialect of the special vocabulary, namely the archaic words and loanwords; lexical aspect mainly discusses Lintan dialect is different from Mandarin or lexical features of Putonghua without; syntactic aspects mainly discussed the "Ba" sentences, interrogative sentence,"Gei" and "Fa" structure, draw the outline of Lintan dialect different from the Mandarin syntactic feature.The fifth chapter describes how Lintan dialect and Amdo Tibetan contact.Introduced the specific lexical, syntactic borrowing, and Tibetan on Tao state of "flower" effect.Finally gets three main conclusions:the first, the special geographical environment and the historical culture greatly influences Lintan dialect grammar.The second, in the Lintan dialect, keeping more of the ancient Chinese composition, and the presence of a large number of loanwords.The third, Tibetan and other ethnic language infiltration, the contact between languages make Lintan dialect unique.