Research On The Public Granaries In Southeast Shanxi During The Qing Dynasties

Public Granaries is an important storage form of folk warehousing preparedness in ancient China, it originated Yi-cang which established in the Sui Dynasty.In the South dynasty Zhu Xi carry forward, marks the revival of the public granaries. Because of its setting, the source of grain and management mode were more "near peasants", it could often compensate for the lack of ever normal granary. So by the successive rulers of every dynasty would pay attention and promotion.To the Qing Dynasty,the emperor is constantly to its improvement and perfection, so that the social storehouse construction has reached the level of hitherto unknown.The public granaries in civilian,benefit at the same time,more conducive to the rulers rule.Papers include six parts. The first part introduces the establishment background of the public granaries in Southeast Shanxi during the Qing Dynasties. First of all, traces the origin of the public granaries. Secondly, detailed analysis the establishment background of the public granaries in Southeast Shanxi during the Qing Dynasties. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty because of the actual needs of the society, as well as the rulers of heavy storage theory and its policy, and local officials positive response and folk force support, which prepared provided advantageous for the establishment and growth of the public granaries in Southeast Shanxi during the Qing Dynasties.The second part analyzed the causes of the progress of the public granaries in Southeast Shanxi during the Qing Dynasties. In general to salty with fire is bounded, from prosperity to decline. The rise and fall of the public granaries roughly consist with the Qing Dynasty’s rise and fall. Kang Shun period is the Wharf trial period of the public granaries. Yong Qian period is the peak period of the public granaries. In the Jia salty Tong guang period, because of the agency arehouse operation process of malpractice, frequent natural disasters and social turbulence effects, the public granaries ultimately declined.The third part analyzed the properties and characteristics of spatial distribution in detail of the public granaries in Southeast Shanxi during the Qing Dynasties. First of all, papers analyzed the nature and the causes of the public granaries in Southeast Shanxi during the Qing Dynasties, which belong to the official and the private is the prominent characteristics. Secondly, the public granaries in Southeast Shanxi during the Qing Dynasties widely concentrated in the town, Department of near and country. The public granaries distribution has obvious time period, the reign of Yong Qian is the largest proportion, and the regional distribution is uneven, some places more, while some areas less.The fourth part analyzed the bin Gu Ben source and operation and management of the public granaries in Southeast Shanxi during the Qing Dynasties. The bin Gu Ben sources of the public granaries in Southeast Shanxi during the Qing Dynasties is generally Guanyin buy Valley, the officials and the people, to making Valley Hui Cang, according to Gu Si aspects. The first three forms of the public granaries in Southeast Shanxi make more influence. In the specific operational management, made a company warehouse act, enacted the provinces. Also specifically from the collection of palm, code Shou, inspection, information Valley, relief and other aspects detailed analysis.The fifth part analyzed the regional social development influence of the public granaries in Southeast Shanxi during the Qing Dynasties, which as an important civil disaster preparedness storage form of farmer, in the filed of maintain simple reproduction, borrowing from fair selling, relief, quartermaster supplement and social control plays an important role.The conclusion believed that the social storehouse, as an important civil storage form," Fung and fierce powder", taken from the people, used for the people, to maintain the social normal order, narrowing the gap between rich and poor, alleviate social contradictions plays an important role, benefit to the social stability. The public-granaries in Southeast Shanxi during the Qing Dynasties is a miniature of the public-granaries construction in the ancient China. The history of the public-granaries by fill and decline shows that in the smallholder economy dominant feudal times, politics, social stability and the social storehouse construction has great influence on the public-granaries construction. At present, Chinese society is in a crucial period of transition to modern society, rural society under the impact of modern civilization, there are many intractable social problems. All these will affect the stability of rural society, relation of Chinese social development in the future global. Therefore, through examining and analyzing the social functions of the public granaries in Southeast Shanxi during the Qing Dynasties, from the horizontal angle to analyze social storehouse and other social control means the mutual infiltration and application to rural social stability, which today still has important significance.