Space-time Evolution Of Urbanization Level In Shanxi Province And Its Coupling With Resources And Environment Research

The space-time variation of urbanization and resource-environment of the relationship is a hot issue in current geography research. Research on the urbanization development level of space-time and resources environmental change rule and the mutual coupling relationship, not only has certain theoretical guidance on the regional development path choice but also has certain practical significance on the regional sustainable development of the city.The paper firstly takes Shaanxi province as an example, using GIS, RS technology and mathematical statistics method, based on the entropy theory of the physics and the fractal theory in the urban geography, researching on the space-time distribution of the urbanization change in Shaanxi province. Next, by use of Landsat TM images of Xi’an in1988,1995and2010years, the boundary of the expansion is analyzed, and then the driving factors of changes are found out. Thirdly, In the study of the relationship between urbanization and resource-environment, the gray relational model and the coupling coordination model are used for researching the rule time and space changes between urbanization and resource-environment. Henceforth, conclusions of the paper are drawn as follows:(1) From the year1990to2009, Shaanxi province’s urbanization level had been improving steadily, The4subsystems including population, economy, society and land are the main factors of promoting the urbanization process of Shaanxi province.(2) From space distribution perspective, the space distribution features of the urbanization level were obvious in Shaanxi province. The Xi’an city urbanization level comprehensive score was much higher than other cities in Shaanxi province. From the general development trend of urbanization in Shaanxi province, the urbanization development level of the middle part of Shaanxi province is the highest, while the urbanization development level of the south and north Shaanxi had been low before the year of2002. By the year of2009, the economic had rapidly developped in city of Yan’an and Yulin because of coal and other resources advantages, which promoted the development of urbanization, the urbanization level began to rapid development and gradually over individual cities in the middle part of Shaanxi province.(3) By analysis TM images in the year of1988,1995and2010of Xi’an city, the city boundary expansion of Xi’an through application of Arcgis softwares vector, in the nearly20years mainly focused on the WeiYang District in northern part of Xi’an city, together with YanTa District and ChangAn District in southern part of Xi’an city, the southwest of Xi’an city was outstandingly expanded.(4) From the first index calculation, the first index of Shaanxi province is greater than the normal four city index, and11city index and more than normal2city index from1995to2005. Which shows that town system of Shaanxi province just belongs to the typical of the distribution of the first town system structure in this period. By the year of2009,2city index,4city index and11city index of Shaanxi province town dropped to2.22,0.936and0.934, the first city index keeped a descending trend, and began to get close to normal range.For that urban agglomeration of Shaanxi province space correlation dimension D=1.4325, the11cities of Shaanxi province have a fractal features in the spatial distribution, and the space structure of the urban system in Shaanxi province presents the overall scattered characteristics, but it has a centralism tendency in local area.(5) The relationship between the urbanization and resources the environment is the urbanization stress function for resources the environment and resources environment on the constraints of urbanization, the result of urbanization and resources environment subsystem elements of grey correlation degree and resources environment and urbanization subsystem of grey correlation degree more than0.5. Which shows relationship among the urbanization level of Shaanxi province, elements between resources and environment, elements among resources environment and urbanization is very close, through to the grey correlation between them shows that, the environmental protection technical level of limited, the increasing pressure hydropower resources of pressure, the increasing pressure of human resources are main limiting factors of Shaanxi province urbanization, and urban public infrastructure, urban social development level and the city land type of change in the urbanization process reflect that the urbanization process has the threatening role in resources environment stress.(6)Form the year1990to2009, The number value of urbanization and resources environment coupling of Shaanxi province were just from0.46to0.49, which showed urbanization and resources environment of relationship in Shaanxi province in the stage of resistance, From the view of space distribution, during the year1997, Xi’an, Tongchuan, Baoji belonged to high strength coupling area; During the year2002, Xi ’an, Tongchuan, Baoji,Weinan Yan’an, Ankang belonged to high strength coupling area; during the year of2009, Xi’an, Tongchuan, Baoji, Yan’an, Ankang, Xianyang, Hanzhong and Yulin belonged to the high strength coupling area.(7) Form the year1990to2009, coupling numerical coordination degree fluctuated from0.34to0.60, which indicated the coupling system coordination degree between urbanization and resources environment belonging to the low-alcohol coordination in basic level nearly20years. From the view of space, urbanization and resources environment of the coupling coordination development shown middle part of Shaanxi province was higher than the north Shaanxi, while the north Shaanxi was higher than the south Shaanxi.The paper’s innovations include the following aspects:(1) Constructing the urbanization and resources environment comprehensive index level, in the calculation of the urbanization development level of Shaanxi province, using objective valuation method of entropy, the paper eliminates the effect of subjective factor, not only analyzes the urbanization of the time change law of Shaanxi province, but also analyzes the space change rule about the city of Shaanxi province, simultaneously it takes Xi’an as an example, with the application of the TM images, analyzes the impact of the city expansion factor.(2) In the urbanization and the quantitative relations of resources-environment, related study usually used a single, mathematical statistics method, while this paper uses GIS, RS and many kinds of mathematical statistics, combining the relationship among these methods, which not only takes into account the time change rule, but also pays attention to its space change rules.