Mongolia The Kim Family Contract Documents

Tumote district located in the south of the Daqing mountain and the north of theGreat Wall, which included the area that are part of the Hohhot and baotou city. Its name camefrom Altan Khan who led tumote to herd in tumochuan in the Ming dynasty. Because tumotedistrict located in the north of the Great Wall, the land was quite fertilisable, the mountains andthe rivers was criss-cross, which maked the land to be the ideal soil for developing agriculturalproduction. Started from the middle and late time of Ming dynasty, the interior Hans moved totumote area from the Mainland successively until the Qing dynasty conquered the Mongolia. TheQing dynasty moved south to pass through shanhai customs, which ended the North-Southconfrontation between Ming dynasty and Mongolia, creating the favorable conditions for theHans who came from the Central Plains to the Mongolia region. The Qing dynasty was animportant period in the history of the Chinese population. After Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong,the socio-economic had recovered and developed. So the contradiction was quite sharp betweenpopulation and the land in tumote area. A large number of Hans came from the mainland migrateto tumote area, which had a name "go West" which was very famous in the history. After Qinggovernment adopted the policy of reclaiming the land in Mongolia area in late Qing dynasty,immigrants climax happened. The Hans came from Mainland constantly moved to this area,which promoted the development of the local farming economy. With the continuousdevelopment of the local farming economy, the policies on land and the social-economy whichwere carried out in the mainland were implemented in the tumote area. In this article, we try tostudy the instruments about64contracts of the Kim family which signed in Guangxu dynastycollected by the Kin family. Thus we could study the system of the land and the social-economy infurther. First, this article introduced the background on the instruments of Kin family which weresigned in the part one. This part includes the brief history of tumote district and the historicalorigins of Kin family. In the second part, this article introduced the overview of the instrumentssigned in Guangxu dynasty simply. At the same time, we classified the internal structure of theinstruments in details. Moreover, we compared the instruments of Kin family with theinstruments in the Han area at the same time which were collected in Traditional Chinesecontracts and related documents from the Tian collection. By the comparison between the twoinstruments, we discovered the contents in common between the two instruments and theparticularity in the instruments of Kin family in Guangxu dynasty. After analysised theinstruments of Kin family signed in Guangxu dynasty deeply, we elaborated the characteristics ofthe land lease in tumote area and the historical value of the instruments reflected by theinstruments of Kin family. As a special district mixed by the Mongolian and the Han, there weresome specificities and complexities in the land lease system in tumote area. It was very importantfor us to acknowledge the relationships of the land leased between the Mongolian and the Han inspecial historical background deeply by Studying the instruments of Kin family (the part ofGuangxu dynasty).