A Comparative Analysis Of Systems For Competitive Swimming Between China And United States

This paper tries to make a profound analysis based on the development of competitive swimming systems in China and United States. With adoption of literature, expert interview, questionnaire, case study, mathematical statistics, and comparison, this paper compares and analyzes the core areas of the competitive swimming systems in China and United States, including management systems, training systems, and competition systems, on the basis of a thorough understanding about the background and development of systems in China and United States.The research result indicates that in the United States competitive swimming system, the board of directors from National Swimming Association is the highest authority. Competitive swimming system in United States consummates in the following areas: the distributed landscape of external organizations, democratic decision-making mechanism in Congress, and management mechanism in national committee. It thus exemplifies the soul of social decentralized management. At the same time, the three-level training camps will satisfy the need of lasting improvements in competition performance for athletes. Also, it will form good patterns among individuals, societies, and governments. By developing more-focused and distinctive competitions, we should aim at making our national swimming competitive have higher frequencies, shorter intervals, and diversified competition modes. In China, however, competitive swimming is still operated under the national system. Irrational positioning of administrative organizations, inefficient swimming training patterns, imperfect competition systems, insufficiently qualified staffs, are all drawbacks in current Chinese competitive swimming systems. According to the successful experience in United States and the actual needs of Chinese competitive swimming development, this paper gives several recommendations to perfect Chinese competitive swimming system:Swimming associations in China should be substantiated. Also, pluralism of training patterns and diversification of swimming competition should be further developed. The combination of education and physical education in swimming team at various levels should be intensified, and on-the-job training for coaches should be perfected. Last, the integration evaluation systems as well as measures of rewards and punishments are recommended.