| Along with the development of human society, more and more compounds were discovered and used in the production of life, also with the progress of science and technology, gradually found some once for human development brought convenient compounds, now have caused the adverse effects on the environment and the ecological environment, perfluorochemicals is one of these categories, they caused harmful pollution has become a global environmental problems.In the past60years, Perfluorinated sulfonic acid compounds (PFOS) and perfluorinated carboxylic acid compounds(PFOA) were as the two representative of perfluorinated compounds(PFCs). They have been used universally in both industrial and domestic products, and have increased rapidly, due to their unique hydrophobic, dredging oily and chemical stability. This made perfluorochemicals into the environment through various ways. Because of these compounds have persistent,bioaccumulated and toxic chemicals, and ubiquitously distributed in the world within the scope of the all kinds of environmental medium (groundwater, surface water, sea water, drinking water, etc.), organisms (mammal, fish, birds, etc) and the human body (blood, breast milk) in recent years. It has on the ecological system and human caused some damage. After years of research certification, in May2009, containing perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) substances nine new POPs formally added to the "Stockholm Convention" to limit these compounds in the worldwide production and use.Research on the occurrences and distributions of PFCs in China so far have been mainly focused on the establishment of detection methods and the pollution levels within the PFCs in different kinds water and biological, but for rapid and stable handling and testing methods of PFCs in different environmental media should be improved, In addition, the research about the typical industry, river basin, regions surrounding environment medium of PFCs of the pollution state and pollution characteristics is still lacking. In this paper, on the foundation of rapid analysis method, surveyed the typical pollution sources and the relevant environment area, analyzed the characteristics of PFCs contamination, and an analysis of its traceability.To measure typical PFCs, a method of ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was developed. For the pre-treatment methods of environment water, through the comparision selected HLB column for solid phase extraction column,20%methanol solvent as weak eluent,0.1%formic acid methanol solvent as strong eluent, pH=6as optimal pH value, and for the pre-treatment methods of environment soil, selected the accelerated solvent extraction of methanol as the extraction solvent, for HLB column as purify column. The limit of detection and recoveries of this method meet the requirement of analysis in smaplesRespectively, the paper researched the surrounding environmental media contamination properties of PFCs, a chemical plant in Hubei, the Jiangsu section of Yangtze River, Nanjing, as typical pollution source. the following conclusions:(1) Typical industry is one of the most direct source of PFCs in environment medium. PFOS was the dominant PFC contaminant in surrounding environment medium of the chemical plant. The concentrations range of PFOS in environmental water was between2.52～16.22μg/L, the concentrations range of PFOS in environmental soil was between52.62-1757.79ng/g (dw). In different media the second PFCs pollutants were different, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid salt (PFHxS) and perfluorobutanesulphonic acid salt (PFBS) were in environmental water, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid salt (PFHxS) were in environmental soil. In the typical point source of surrounding environmental media study, there was a obvious negative correlation between the distance with the point sources and the total amount of detected perfluorinated compounds.(2) Jiangsu section of the Yangtze river is the extension from the point sources to the line source. The main PFCs pollutants in different environmental media of Jiangsu section of the Yangtze river was PFOA, the second PFCs pollutants was PFBS in water and was PFOS in sediments. The total concentration PFCs in environmental water were detemined between9.91～33.14ng/L, in sediments were detemined between0.12-0.68ng/g(dw). In different period of typical watershed surrounding environment medium perfluorochemicals analysis found that the flow and flow rate of water have a significant impacted on the environmental media PFCs total concentration change trend. And the change tendency of water and sediment was opposite. Typical area of surface water in Nanjing Jiangsu, the main detected PFCs pollutants was PFOA,and its detection concentration were between4.72-44.03ng/L. the other main water PFCs pollutants were PFBS, PFHpA, PFOS and PFNA. In the region of the surface water study found that the sampling point of the highest values of several major perfluorinated compounds were close to the residential areas.Then we speculated that human sewage is one of the main perfluorinated compounds sources in the typical area (Nanjing).Results of the present study provide the current coniamination status and trend of PFCs in the typical industry, the typical river basin, the typical regions systems of China for the relative Chinese administrative sections. Combined analysis the relations of point, line, area, it was useful for finding out the nationwide perfluorochemicals pollution condition and the pollution sources as soon as possible. For related environmental risk assessment and management to provide the scientific basis for the formulation of regulations; For the long term monitoring of PFCs pollution sources to provide supporting method and data; Inaddition, it also could provide contributing to minimize the potential risks of PFCs contaminations Posed on the surrounding ecosystems. |
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