| Part1IL-17expression in rat periodontitis modelBackground:Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease, and it is the main reason for adult teeth loss. Its iconic character is the occurrence of pathological absorption of alveolar bone. The repair and regeneration of alveolar bone has always been a difficult point of periodontitis. In the past few decades, many researchers have tried to use the the Th1/Th2hypothesis to explain the development process from gingivitis to periodontitis. Th1/Th2cells differentiation from naive CD4+T cell and their related cytokines take a role in early/stable stage of periodontal disease and progressive lesions. However, in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, the theory of ’Thl cells provide protection, while Th2cells damage’ was challenged in a follow-up study:a higher level of expression Thl-type cytokines IFN-y was found in the periodontal tissue compared with Th2cytokines IL-4. Therefore, the Thl/Th2hypothesis in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and alveolar bone destruction seems to be inappropriate. Thl/Th2hypothesis may not be sufficient to explain the role of the host response to the development of periodontitis. In recent years, a novel CD4+ effector T cell which was different from the traditional type1and type2-Th17cells was found. These cells were differentiation from naive T cell precursors. These cells had independent differentiation and regulatory mechanisms, and specifically secreted IL-17cytokine. Some research indicated Th17cells and its characteristic secretion IL-17played an important role in a variety of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, encephalomyelitis, psoriasis, ANCA-associated nodular vasculitis, Sjogren’s syndrome, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, thrombocytopenia disease. Some research found that Thl7cells played direct or indirect role in osteoclast precursor cells’differentiation into osteoclasts. On the one hand, Th17cells can express RANKL to promote osteoclast generation; On the other hand, IL-17acted on mesenchymal cells such as osteoblasts, bone marrow cells to induce the expression of RANKL and RANKL could stimulate osteoclast differentiation, IL-17was a key cytokines of the bone resorption. Some scholars found that elevated IL-17expression in the tissue and serum leisions of patients with periodontitis, which suggested that some correlation may exist between Th17cells and the development of periodontitis.Objective:Establish the experimental alveolar bone absorption model in rat to study the IL-17expression in pathological absorption of alveolar bone.Methods:SD rats were divided into three groups, LPS group, ligation group and control group. Alveolar resorption model was established by injection lipopolysaccharide of E. coli O111:B4to the mesial gingiva of the first molar on the left maxillary of SD rat. Chronic periodontitis model was established by ligation the first molar on the left maxillary with0.2mm orthodontic wire. LPS group were killed20days after the modeling is complete, the ligation group were killed after8weeks. Dental periodontal specimens were taken, alveolar bone absorption model and periodontitis model were both examined by HE staining, and the expression of Th17cytokines in alveolar bone resorption region were examined by immunohistochemical detection. Results:HE staining showed that alveolar bone absorption model and periodontitis model were successfully established. The number of osteoclast cells (9.50±1.05) in LPS group and the number of osteoclast cells (10.83±1.17) in ligation group was higher than that in the control group (0.33±0.52), there was a significant difference (p<0.05); and ligation group had red and swollen gums. Immunohistochemical results indicated that the expression of IL-17was higher in LPS group and ligation group than in the control group; while IFN-y didn’t have a higher expression in LPS group and ligation group than that in the control group. ELISA results showed that the concentration of IL-17in serum in LPS group (8.8109±0.9685pg/ml), and the concentration of IL-17in serum in ligation group (9.3859±0.7849pg/ml) were slightly higher than the control group (8.5751±0.7268pg/ml), but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). Between the LPS group and ligation group had no significant difference (p>0.05). The concentration of IFN-y in serum in LPS group (185.0±50.66pg/ml) and the concentration of IFN-y in serum in ligation group (202.9±60.39pg/ml) were higher than the control group (106.3±17.21pg/ml), and there was a significant difference (p<0.05). No significant difference (p>0.05) between the LPS group and ligation group.Conclusion:Injection lipopolysaccharide of E. coli O111:B4to the mesial gingiva of the first molar on the left maxillary of SD rat can used to be successfully, establishing rat alveolar bone resorption model. Chronic periodontitis model in rats can be successfully established by ligation method. The expression of IL-17was higher in the alveolar bone absorption area of LPS group and ligation group, while the expression of IFN-y did not increase in alveolar bone resorption area of LPS group and ligation group, indicating that IL-17may play an important role in the process of alveolar bone resorption. Serum IL-17in LPS group and ligation group increased slightly with no significant difference, suggesting that IL-17may play a role in local periodontal inflammation but not in the systemic inflammatory; whereas IFN-y was significantly higher in both groups, indicating that IFN-y may be associated with systemic inflammatory but not local periodontal inflammation. Part2Case report for periodontal diseases treated by Periodontal plastic surgeryBackground:Periodontal tissue is base of functional, beautiful and comfortable for the teeth. Health is the basis of aesthetic, and beautiful is the performance of healthy. Periodontal diseases often not only had influence on the function, usually also affected the appearance of the patient, and some patients even shy to laugh. Periodontal plastic surgery can recovery of function while also restore the appearance of the patients, so that patients could have the confident smile.Objective:To observe the efficacy of periodontal plastic surgery and periodontal tissue changes for patients with periodontal disease.Method:Four cases of periodontal diseases, after the completion of the required full-mouth initial therapy, the teeth of root canal therapy preoperative. Periodontal plastic surgery were given, and combined dentistry in some cases, then observed postoperative function and aesthetic effect.Results:Periodontal status of patients were improved after surgery. Patients were were satisfactory for the good postoperative results about function and aesthetics.Conclusion:Periodontal plastic surgery can repair the function and aesthetics in patients with periodontal diseases.And patients were satisfactory for the good postoperative results. |
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