Thyroid Autoimmunity And Organ Damage:Systematic Setup And Analysis Of Thyroid And Kidney Tissue Immunostaining With Anti Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody In Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Objective:Hashimoto’s hyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common autoimmune endocrine disorder that affects females. It often leads to hypothyroidism. HT is characterized by hypothyroidism and asymmetric thyroid growth.The clinical diagnosis of HT is supported by positive serologic testing of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody and/or anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG). The auto antibody associated damage is due to autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin by activation of complement and/or antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity. Apart from its thyroid related manifestations, HT is also associated with a wide range of non-thyroid multiorgan damage related with encephalus, eyes, liver, bone, kidney, connective tissue and skin among others. Some of the damage is due to autoimmunity.The objectives are as follows:1.To set-up a procedure for immunological staining of Thyroid Peroxidase antibody (TPO)2. Analysis of thyroid and kidney tissue immunostaining with Thyroid Peroxidase antibody in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis.Methods:A systematic set-up for immunological staining of Thyroid Peroxidase antibody(TPO) by tissue fixation, dehydration, embedding,slicing, HE,IHC and IHF(TPO) was experimented.The experiment samples consisted of the following:1. Benign thyroid papillary hyperplasia tissue.2. Papillary thyroid carcinoma tissue.3. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (Thyroid tissue).4. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (Renal biopsy tissue).Immuno-staining of thyroid and kidney tissue with Thyroid Peroxidase antibody in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis was analysed in order to take better measures to prevent and reduce the occurrence of autoimmunity related multi organ damage associated with Thyroid auto-antibodies. Results:1. Systematic set-up for immunological staining of Thyroid Peroxidase antibody (TPO):Immunohistochemical staining of Thyroid Peroxidase antibody (TPO) comprising of tissue fixation, dehydration, embedding,slicing,HE,IHC and IHF(TPO staining) was sucessfully established.2. Analysis of thyroid and kidney tissue immunostaining with Thyroid Peroxidase antibody in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis:The staining of papillary thyroid carcinoma tissue was negative while the tissue with benign thyroid papillary hyperplasia stained positive. Therefore, in accordance with the references, this test can act to differentiate between benign thyroid papillary hyperplasia and papillary thyroid carcinoma on basis of positive and negative TPO immunostaining. The thyroid tissue (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) stained positive.The staining of kidney biopsy (Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis) was also found to be positive. Positive immuno-staining of thyroid tissue with Thyroid Peroxidase antibody (TPO) in thyroid and kidney tissue (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) reflects the multi-organ immunological damage associated with Thyroid Peroxidase antibody(TPO) in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT) patients.Conclusion:In summary, a method for immunostaining of Thyroid Peroxidase antibody(TPO) by tissue fixation, dehydration, embedding,slicing,HE,IHC and IHF was successfully established.The staining of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis(thyroid and kidney tissue) with Thyroid Peroxidase antibody (TPO) was positive which reflects the multi-organ immunological damage associated with Thyroid Peroxidase antibody(TPO) in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis(HT) patients. Therefore,the evaluation of autoimmunity is mandated to be of prime importance in the etiology of HT and HT associated multi-organ diseases, therefore, while dealing with HT, autoimmune status must be established. Therefore in the future, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants may play a vital role in treatment of HT and a multi organ approach is necessitated so as to prevent any HT related autoimmune damage.