Clinical Analysis Of The Children’s Nutritional Iron Deficiency Anemia

Objective To explore the clinical features of nutritional irondeficiency anemia, analyze the risk factors that affect the degree of anemia,and provide references for the prevention and clinical treatment.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of372cases ofnutritional iron deficiency anemia, summarized and analyzed the riskfactors for the incidence and severity of anemia.Results1.272boys and100girls were included in the analysis with male tofemale ratio2.72to1. The youngest was2months old while the eldest was14. There were244cases for the children from0to1year old,98casesfrom1to3years old, and30cases over3years old. Within the group ofpatient,6months to2years old was the high incidence of age, accountingfor79.9%of the total cases (297/372cases). Regarding moderate-severeanemia, the age group from0to1year old had higher percentage (56.56%)than the percentage within the1to3year-old age group (43.88%) and over3-year-old age group (46.66%).2. Within the patients group, the ratio of premature infant andfull-term infant, respectively, accounted for30.65%and69.35%. Theproportion of moderate-severe anemia within preterm children group (67.54%) was significantly higher than the proportion in full-term group(45.74%). The percentage of birth weight less than2.5kg and not less than2.5kg was22.85%and77.15%separately. Regarding the percentage ofmoderate-severe anemia, former group (81.18%) had higher percentagethan latter group (43.91%). Within the134cases of natural birth and238cases of cesarean delivery,54.2%of cesarean delivery cases and49.25%ofnatural birth had moderate-severe anemia.3. Within all cases of data, age to add complementary feeding wasranging from2months to20months, proportion of children with timelycomplementary feeding was20.7%, while without timely feeding was79.3%. The former group has significantly lower the proportion ofmoderate-severe anemia (37.67%) than the latter group (56.27%). Within6months to2-year-old age group,60.84%of the breastfed group hadmoderate-severe anemia, the percentage was significantly higher comparedwith43.29%in the rice-based group and42.19%in formula-fed group. Thedegree of anemia among the groups was statistically significant (P=0.005).4.172cases with past medical history of lower respiratoryinfection/recurrent respiratory infection, diarrhea, trauma/surgery took upof46.24%in total cases, while200cases with no suffering from the diseaseor occasionally suffering from upper respiratory infection (≤3) took the left53.76%. The former group was with higher proportion of moderate-severe anemia than the latter.5. The patients were mainly discovered anemia through respiratorydiseases, peptic diseases, nerve system disease, rash and fever illness,obesity and preoperative examination. Only11.02%(41/372cases) patientswere discovered by their parents due to the poor complexion, of which only1case was mild anemia.6.177cases (47.58%) were mild anemia;163cases were moderate(43.82%);32cases (8.6%) were severe; and there was no extremely severeanemia cases. Univariate analysis showed that age, birth weight, gestationalage, whether timely complementary feeding or not and past medical historyof lower respiratory infection/recurrent respiratory infection, diarrhea,trauma/surgery were relevant to the severity of the anemia, while genderand delivery mode had no direct link with the degree of the anemia.Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that birth weight and medicalhistory of lower respiratory infection/recurrent respiratory infection,diarrhea, trauma/surgery were major risk factors for the degree of anemia.Conclusion Infants and young children were in the high incidence ageof nutritional iron deficiency anemia. Premature, low birth weight, pastmedical history of lower respiratory infection/recurrent respiratoryinfection, diarrhea, trauma/surgery, not timely complementary feeding，andbreast fed mainly after6months were closely related to the degree ofanemia. Nowadays, improper feeding pattern was still one of the main causes of IDA. Growing too fast, which led to a relative shortage of ironsupplementation, should draw enough attention. Further samples wereneeded to guide children feeding. Regarding the potential high-risk IDAchildren, early intervention and avoiding the damage of ID were necessary.