Association Between Miacroalbuminuria And Prehypertension And Hypertension

ObjectiveThis study was operated to investigate the associations between microalbuminuriaand prehypertension and hypertension among Chinese women.MethodsA total of2,338female residents lived in four communities of Gusu District inSuzhou were selected in our study through cluster random sampling. The inclusioncriteria are as follows:(1) aged over30years old;(2) secondary hypertension caused bychronic kidney disease or tumor and other identified causes were excluded. Data ondemographic characteristics, life style risk factors, uric acid, urinary albumin andcreatinine and other clinical laboratory tests were obtained. Microalbuminuria wasdiagnosed by albumin-to-creatinine ratio in a first morning void urine sample. Theprevalence of hypertension, prehypertension and microalbuminuria of different ageswere analyzed. Association between UACR and hypertension and prehypertension wereanalyzed by using ordinal multivariable logistic regression models and linear tendencytests were conducted. Epidata3.1software was used to establish a database, and allquestionnaires were input after checking by two individuals. All P-values were based ona two-side test and a significance level was0.05. Statistical analysis was conductedusing SAS9.1statistical software.Results1. Among the1796(54.05±10.41years) participants included in the currentanalysis,740(40.82%) individuals had hypertension and775(43.31%) hadprehypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was highest for women aged over65years and increased with age.2. Among our participants,408(22.72%) individuals had microalbuminuria.The prevalence of microalbuminuria was the highest in women aged from56to60years. The median level of UACR were15.54(7.67,32.53)、9.01(5.45,18.06)、7.13(4.60,12.50) mg/g and the prevalence of microalbuminuria was27.57%、13.42%、9.61%in hypertensive, prehypertensive, and normotensive subjects, respectively. Both the average level of UACR and the prevalence of microalbuminuria increasedsignificantly with increasing age groups (all P <0.05).3. UACR positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP)(r=0.320,P<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)(r=0.263P<0.001).4. The average SBP/DBP were125.3/80.9,128.8/82.7,130.8/84.0and135.1/85.9mmHg for participants with UACR in the first, second, third and fourthquartiles, respectively. There was a linear trend between medians of UACR and averagesystolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure.5. After adjusting for age, current smoking, current drinking, BMI, and TC,ORs of prehypertension or hypertension for the3rdand4thquartiles of UACR weresignificantly higher compared with the lowest quartile, and the ORs positively increasedwith UACR levels. After subjects with hyperuricemia or diabetes and/or use ofantihypertensive medication were excluded, the ORs also positively increased withUACR levels.Conclusions1. The prevalence of hypertension and microalbuminuria for women was41.20%and22.72%. The prevalence of hypertension and microalbuminuria increased with age.2. UACR positively correlated with SBP and DBP.3. Average UACR was higher in hypertensives than in prehypertensives and inprehypertensives than in normotensives.4. Elevated UACR was significantly and positively associated withprehypertension or hypertension among Chinese Han women. After subjects withhyperuricemia or diabetes and/or use of antihypertensive medication were excluded, theassociations were also persistent.