| The inflorescence of Scabiosa comosa is a traditional Mongolian medicine used for liver diseases. The present research was carried out to investigate the bioactive constituents of this traditional medicine. Ten compounds, including7phenolics,2triterpenes and1sterol were isolated and identified. Their structures were determined by interpretation of UV, MS and NMR spectral data and by comparison with standard compounds. Apigenin-4’-O-β-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-a-arabino (1-6)-β-glucoside and3β(3,23-dihydroxyursan-12-en-28-oic acid were isolated and identified from Scabios genus for the first time. The radical scavenging activity on2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and inhibitory activity on a-glucosidase were measured. Luteolin, luteolin-7-O-β-glycoside and chlorogenic acid showed potent radical scavenging activity, apigenin, and both of the triterpene compounds, ursolic acid and3β,23-dihydroxyursan-12-en-28-oic acid showed inhibitory activity on a-glucosidase.Guinea pigs and rats are both common animal models for hyperlipidemia studies. In the present work, the differences in cholesterol metabolism between guinea pigs and rats were investigated. Feeding high-fat diets containing0.1%cholesterol and10%lard for1weeks led to blood lipid significantly increase in guinea pigs but not in rats. Furthermore, the hepatic CYP7A1activity and mRNA levels in guinea pigs fed high-fat diets were significantly lower than those in the control group, which implies an decreased rate of cholesterol convert to bile acid in guinea pigs in response to high-fat diets. Hepatic FXR, HNF-1α and PXR were upregulated in guinea pigs, but not in rats, fed high-fat diets. LXRa, and a subunit of PGC-1α were downregulated in guinea pigs, but upregulated in rats, fed high-fat diets. Hepatic HNF-4a were upregulated and PXR were downregulated in rats fed high-fat diets. These results suggest that there are differences in cholesterol metabolism between the two species when fed high-fat diets. |
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