Phenomenological Research Of Body Aesthetics

This article consists of seven parts:The introductions firstly talk about Body Aesthetics as an aesthetic research hot-spot in recent years and find little research on Body Aesthetics from phenomenology for reflecting and criticizing the body and the physical beauty of the phenomenon of the present context——Postmodern popular culture under the influence of mass media controlled by the capital——after the expedition for Body Aesthetics research situation at present. Consequently, this article aims to use a variety of research methods what phenomenological study and reduction method are two main methods to research and think about the body, simultaneously, to reflect and criticize the body and the physical beauty of the phenomenon of the present context and propose its prospect. And simultaneously the introduction roughly arranges the main content of each chapter.In the first chapter, Examining the history of development of Chinese and Western aesthetic thought from the dimensions of the body and according to the development and changes of the body and mutual relations between body and soul and according to the spiritual connotation, namely:God; Western God, rational; ethical practice rational and the Buddhist all in vain, Taoism Tao, Chinese and western Body and Body Aesthetics idea was broadly divided into Several phases of worship of body as God、harmony between body and soul、separating between body and soul and Highlighting body as flesh. On this basis, this chapter delimit Chinese and western Body and Body Aesthetics idea and analyzes of Chinese and western Body aesthetic qualities and its development trend, namely regressing toward the body of the world of the living phenomenon.The second chapter by phenomenological intentionality intuitive analyzes that intentionality must be built on a perceptual basis and perception must be built on the basis of feeling. Thus body could be studied and reduced by phenomenological in three dimensions of perception intentionality, namely it may be visualization、narrated and listened、touched and felt. In the dimension of being visualization, drawing on the concept of image-subject, image-object, image-thing in Husserl phenomenological image consciousness, the world is divided into four kinds of image that are noumenon image、 direct presentation image、indirect presentation image and imagined image according to different image intention. And accordingly the body is divided into four kinds of body that are noumenon image body、direct presentation image body、indirect presentation image body and imagined image body. In the dimension of being narrated and listened, the body is divided into two kinds of body that are origin body before narrative and narrative construction body. In the dimension of being touched and felt, the body is divided into two kinds of body that are other body and being-there body. The body manifests other relationship mechanism between noumenon image body and indirect presentation image body、imagined image body、other direct presentation image body, between origin body before narrative and narrative construction body, and between other body and being-there body. Then this chapter reflects and criticizes the body and the physical beauty of the phenomenon of the present context and discovered that capital make use of other relationship mechanism of body.Chapter Ⅲ firstly analyzes that phenomenological temporality (inner time consciousness) is achieved by residence-the original impression-proactive. Then by the phenomenology of temporality study and restore, noumenon image body of being-there from phenomenology towards ontological analysis possesses the quality of facing death to go to Being and generative and authenticity characteristic. Compared to the noumenon image body by the phenomenology of temporality restore, The noumenon image body in popular culture exhibit quality of avoiding death without end, namely this body is infatuated with the youth reproductive segment of the body and not generative and developmental, but stagnant and possesses stagnate and non-authenticity characteristic.Chapter Ⅳ firstly analyzes that the phenomenology of space that is space structure is established on the basis of the sight movement of body and is achieved by facultative possibility、residence、removing perspective and apperception. Then by the phenomenology of space to study and restore body, it was discovered that the body has two characteristics of whole and part、presence and absence. Contemporary culture is the abuse of these characteristics of body as a whole and in part, to the presence and absence in the phenomenological space for restoration. This was reflected in:firstly, the dual characteristics of whole and part, presence and absence were abused on the dress; secondly, in the dimension of presence and absence, the manners of the subject’s space construction and the means of communication among subjects were changed and modernity time came to an end. On the dress, contemporary cultural use in whole and in part, the presence and the absence of dual characteristics to constantly stimulate the public’s desire by what the presence indicates absence. Simultaneously, the manners of the subject’s space construction were changed, namely transition from traditional subject of physical body on the basis of direct presentation image body being on the spot to subject on the basis of indirect presentation image body. The means of communication among subjects on the basis of traditional subject of physical body, namely the means of communication among two and more of subjects on the basis of noumenon image body’s direct presentation image body being on the spot, was changed into the means of communication among subjects on the basis of noumenon image body’s indirect presentation image body being on the spot. Subject of physical body was turned into storage and transmission of information and lost the ability to experience and feel so that modernity time came to an end.Chapter V firstly analyzes that the phenomenology of intersubjectivity is established on the basis of body’s Pairing、Association、Empathy、Appresentation、Presentation and Apperception. And then studying and restoring the body from the intersubjective concept of phenomenology,it was found that Husserl discussed intersubjectivity in the dimension of body and intersubjectivity body is a body in the life-world with the quality of equality, ethical, emotional and group. In contrast, the world was transformed from the pre-scientific life-world, the scientific world of ideas to the world of indirect presentation image in the present context. In the dimension of intersubjectivity, the body in the world of indirect presentation image shows new features, namely, firstly intersubjectivity between indirect presentation image body and noumenon image body on the basic of direct presentation image body being on the spot; secondly, intersubjectivity among indirect presentation image bodies. Therefore the body in the world of indirect presentation image lost the quality of equality, ethical, emotional and also lost the beauty of equality, ethical, emotional. The life-world on the basis of intersubjectivity and the body in the life-world was forgotten.After studying and restoring body on the phenomenology and reflecting and criticizing the body and the physical beauty of the phenomenon in the present context, Chapter VI will further reflect on the beauty of body. The beauty of body derived from the accumulation of primordial germ worship and has potential desires tendency. The pure beauty of body can only belong to Kant’s beauty Category:The third type of beauty outside the pure beauty and dependent Beauty, namely the formal beauty of the body with ethical requirements and under purely aesthetic appreciation. In order to pursue the pure beauty of body, this paper looks ahead the pure beauty of body from the four dimensions that are Phenomenology of intentionality, temporality, space and intersubjectivity to construct four kinds of the beauty of body, namely beauty Stemming from his own body, the Authenticity beauty of body, the inherent、natural and decent beauty of body, the beauty of body in life-world. Simultaneously, it was put forward on the basis of noumenon image、direct presentation image、indirect presentation image and imagined image that Four Images Theory. And it was investigated that its significance for physical beauty and body aesthetics.