Hakka Dialect Into Endings Contrast With The Tone Of The Korean Characters Endings

Hakka dialect and sino-korean words belong to languages of different types, however, both Hakka dialect and sino-korean words retain the syllable coda of entering tone originated from ancient Chinese. A comparative study between the syllable coda of entering tone in Hakka dialect and the syllable coda of entering tone in sino-korean words is conducted in this thesis with the help of Chinese Dialect Vocabulary in order to reveal the differences between the syllable codas of entering tones in Hakka dialects and sino-korean words, and analyze the reasons behind such differences, which will be of great significance for the phonological comparative study between Hakka dialects and sino-korean words.However, the simple comparative study between the syllable codas of entering tones in Hakka dialect and sino-korean words is not sufficient since Hakka dialect and sino-korean words belong to totally different language systems by their appearance, and the comparative study will turn into nothing but a simple listing of speech sounds without the justification of historical origins. Therefore, this thesis will refer to the syllable coda of entering tone in ancient Chinese phonology to conduct the comparative study.The existing studies mainly focus on the comparison between sino-korean words and Canton dialect&Fujian dialect, or the comparison between the modern Chinese words in Chinese and Korean, but the comparative study between the syllable coda of entering tone in Hakka dialect and the syllable coda of entering tone in sino-korean words is little mentioned. Therefore, such a study will be conducted in this thesis through the combination of synchronic comparison and diachronic comparison to prove that the conclusion that the syllable codas of entering tones in ancient Chinese,[-p] and [-k], are retained intact in sino-korean words is wrong.This thesis intends to reveal the corresponding relations among Hakka dialect, sino-korean words, and ancient Chinese, as well as the exceptions through the comparison of syllable codas of entering tones in Hakka dialects and sino-korean words. Before probing into the corresponding relations, the evolution of Hakka dialect and sino-korean words as well as the development of syllable coda of entering tone is illustrated in the second chapter.The second chapter starts with the immigration of Hakka people and the evolution of Hakka dialect. And then issues like the time when Chinese words were disseminated to Korean peninsula and the time when sino-korean words came into being are discussed. The timeline of the formation and extinction of syllable coda of entering tone is explained as the last part of the second chapter.The third chapter elaborates the comparison between syllable coda of entering tone in Hakka dialect and syllable coda of entering tone in sino-korean words. First of all, the corresponding relation between the syllable coda of entering tone [-p] in Hakka dialect and the syllable coda of entering tone [-p],[-1],[-k] in sino-korean words is explained. The reason why the syllable coda of entering tone [-p] in Hakka dialect corresponds with the syllable coda of entering tone [-p] in sino-korean words is that both of them retained the syllable coda of entering tone [-p] in ancient Chinese. The reason why the syllable coda of entering tone [-p] in Hakka dialect corresponds with the syllable coda of entering tone [-1] in sino-korean words is that Hakka dialect was influenced by the time when [-t] and [-p] were mixed up in use, which was retained as [-p] in Hakka dialect and [-1] in sino-korean words.There are only two words of entering tone whose syllable coda of entering tone [-p] in Hakka dialect corresponds with the syllable coda of entering tone [-k] in sino-korean words. One is the word "夕", whose syllable coda of entering tone [-k] in ancient Chinese was retained as syllable coda of entering tone [-p] in Hakka dialect influenced by the time when entering tones were mixed up in use, while the syllable coda of entering tone [-k] in ancient Chinese remains in sino-korean words. The other word is "炸", whose syllable coda of entering tone [-p] in ancient Chinese remains in Hakka dialect, but the syllable coda of entering tone [-p] in ancient Chinese was retained as the syllable coda of entering tone [-k] in sino-korean words. The above can prove that the conclusion that the syllable codas of entering tones in ancient Chinese,[-p] and [-k], are retained intact in sino-korean words is wrong.Secondly, the corresponding relations among the syllable coda of entering tone [-k] in Hakka dialect, the syllable coda of entering tone [-k] and the zero anaphor in sino-korean words are discussed. The reason why the syllable coda of entering tone [-k] in Hakka dialect corresponds with the syllable coda of entering tone [-k] in sino-korean words is that both of them retained the syllable coda of entering tone [-k] in ancient Chinese. The reason why the syllable coda of entering tone [-k] in Hakka dialect corresponds with the zero anaphor in sino-korean words is that these words did not have syllable coda of entering tone. Sino-korean words reflect the conditions of ancient Chinese. Likely to be influenced by northern dialect, Hakka dialect evolved into words of entering tone with syllable coda of entering tone [-k].At last, the corresponding relations among the syllable coda of entering tone [-t] in Hakka dialect, the syllable coda of entering tone [-1],[-k],[-p] and the zero anaphor in sino-korean words are illustrated. The reason why the syllable coda of entering tone [-t] in Hakka dialect corresponds with the syllable coda of entering tone [-1] in sino-korean words is that Hakka dialect retained the syllable coda of entering tone [-t] in ancient Chinese. As for the reason why the syllable coda of entering tone [-t] in ancient Chinese was retained as [-1] in sino-korean words, different opinions prevail. But I believe that it is resulted from the influence of both external factors and internal factors. External factors refer that Chinese phonology experienced some "[-t] to [-1]" changes in certain periods, which was reflected in Chinese dialects and Naxi language. Internal factors refer that the characteristic of Korean language is that it is easier to pronounce [-1] than [-t].The reason why the syllable coda of entering tone [-t] in Hakka dialect corresponds with the syllable coda of entering tone [-k] in sino-korean words is that sino-korean words retained the syllable coda of entering tone [-k] in ancient Chinese, while Hakka dialect was probably influenced by the substitution of colloquial reading by literary reading, the mixture up in use of entering tone, the change from [-k] to [-t]. The reason why the syllable coda of entering tone [-t] in Hakka dialect corresponds with the syllable coda of entering tone [-p] in sino-korean words is that Hakka dialect was influenced by the time when entering tone was mixed up in use, while the word "乏" in sino-korean words retained the syllable coda of entering tone exactly as in ancient Chinese, and the word "逼" in sino-korean words retained the syllable coda of entering tone as [-k] or [-p] evolved from the syllable coda of entering tone [-k] in ancient Chinese. These can serve as an evidence to refute opinions about the features of entering tone in sino-korean words.The syllable coda of entering tone [-t] in Hakka dialect does not correspond with any syllable coda in sino-korean words, because the words“避”and“譬”in sino-korean words do not have syllable coda of entering tone in ancient Chinese, while Hakka dialect developed the syllable coda of entering tone [-t]. The word“值”had syllable coda of entering tone [-k] in ancient Chinese, but changed into [-t] in Hakka dialect influenced by the mixture up in use of entering tone, while it does not have syllable coda of entering tone in sino-korean words. This can serve as another evidence to refute opinions about the features of entering tone in sino-korean words.The laws reflected in this thesis will facilitate the recognition of the difference between two languages for language learners from two sides, and deepen the mutual understanding of corresponding laws. Therefore, this thesis is of definite significance for future comparative study between Hakka dialect and sino-korean words.