Study On Nickel Based Nanocomposites And Its Applications In Electrochemical Glucose Sensors

Glucose detection plays an important role in many fields, such as biotechnology, medical diagnosis, food industry, and especially in the clinical glucose monitoring for diabetic patients. There are many methods to detect the concentration of glucose, and electrochemical sensors are widely used for its wide linear range, high sensitivity, low cost and so on. For a long time, the research on glucose sensors mainly focused on enzyme-based electrochemical glucose sensors, but they were limited by the inherent property of enzyme that it is easily affected by the surrounding environment. In recent years, non-enzymatic glucose sensors have been studied in a large scale because of the introduction of new materials in the construction process of sensors. Due to the small size effect, the surface effect, the quantum effect and the macroscopic quantum tunnel effect, nanocomposites show excellent physical, chemistry and electrochemical properties. Compared with precious metal, Ni-based nanocomposites have exhibited excellent catalytic ability to glucose with lower cost. In this paper, we fabricate two electrochemical sensors based on nickel nanocomposites using Carbon nitride and Graphene, Attapulgite and so on. Specific work is as follows:(1) A fabrication of glucose sensor based on nickel-inlaying carbon nitride nanocomposites:Initially, nickel nitrate and melamine were used as precursors to prepare nickel-inlaying carbon nitride nanocomposites in a high temperature polycondensation reaction at 550 degrees Celsius. Then, the nanocomposites were coated onto the glassy carbon electrode through dispensing method. Finally, the electrocatalytical behaviors of the modified electrode towards glucose were investigated by cyclic voltammogram and chronoamperometry. The results showed that the peak current of the electrode was linear to glucose concentration from 1μM to 609 μM with a detection limit of 0.4μM, which revealed good stability and sensitivity of the sensor.(2) A fabrication of glucose sensor based on nickel nanoparticles/attapulgite/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites:A facile electrochemical co-deposition approach was adopted to synthesize nickel nanoparticles/attapulgite/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites coated on electrode in one step. Then, the electrocatalytical behaviors of the modified electrode towards glucose were investigated by cyclic voltammogram and chronoamperometry. The results showed that the sensitivity and detection limit of the sensor was 1414.4 μAmM-1cm-2 and 0.37μM respectively. In addition, the sensor also had outstanding ability to resist impurities interference and excellent stability.