Spatial Distribution Characteristics And Environmental Carrying Capacity Of Large-scale Livestock And Poultry Breeding In The Typical Area Of Songliao River Basin In Jilin Province

Since the reform and opening up policy, along with the population increasing and people’s living standards improving, the consumption structure of China has changed, increasing the proportion of consumption of livestock and poultry products, and animal husbandry has become an important part of our national economy. At the same time, pollution problems from livestock and poultry have become increasingly prominent. Particularly with the continuous development of China’s livestock and poultry breeding industry heading towards industrialization, intensification, the scale of the proportion of the livestock and poultry breeding industry has increased year by year, so the problem of environmental pollution has become more prominent. Jilin Province is a traditional livestock and poultry breeding province and the pollution caused by livestock and poultry breeding has become one of the largest sources of pollution in our province. Based on the above, I chose in my article to research the concentrated distribution area of livestock and poultry breeding farms:20 counties in the typical livestock and poultry breeding area of Songliao Basin, and used the space functional analysis system of the ArcGIS software in my study to systematically study the distribution characteristics of pollution and the current situation of the area of livestock and poultry breeding based on the data of the acquired large-scale livestock and poultry breeding fields. I used nitrogen balance theory to carry out the research of the regional livestock breeding environmental bearing capacity and early warning systems. After the data was collected and analyzed, I proposed a series of livestock and poultry breeding pollution control measures, and provide a scientific basis on the reasonable layout and pollution control for the poultry breeding industry.Through the spatialization of the relevant data in typical areas of large-scale farms, farming communities of Songliao Basin, Jilin Province, the situation of the livestock and poultry breeding industry has been analyzed from the aspects of the number of farms, farming, breeding density, and the results show that the differences of the livestock density in each county and each city is obvious. The larger breeding density areas are in the central and southern parts of the study area. The discharge coefficient method was used to calculate the amount of the pollutants COD,TN, TP, and NH3-N according to the quantity of the livestock and poultry breeding,and it was used to analyze the intensity of pollution in the area. The analysis shows that the cities and counties, whose COD emissions are the largest, are Yushu City and Shuangliao City, respectively, 4476 t and 5270 t, the counties of large TN emissions are Jiutai City, Gongzhuling City and Nongan County, the areas of large TP emissions are Yushu City, Gongzhuling City, Shuangliao City. The areas of large NH3-N emissions are Nongan County and Gongzhuling City. The place which has a greatest intensity of COD and TN emissions is Shuangliao City, produced up to 30.21 and 23.77kg/hm2 of COD and TN emissions respectively. Siping City and Songliao City produced the most TP and NH3-N emissions.By using the theory of nitrogen balance and through quantitative calculation of the crops’ need for total nitrogen and soil nitrogen supply and under the current cropping system, the largest nitrogen that crops need from the livestock manure in the cities and counties in the typical areas of Songliao Basin, Jilin province, I can figure out the environmental bearing capacity of livestock and poultry of each city and county in the study area with the nitrogen balance theory. Based on the present situation of the environmental carrying capacity of livestock and poultry in the research area, the warning levels are divided. The analysis shows that on the whole livestock and poultry breeding in the central and eastern parts of the study area caused slight pollution, mainly in Huadian, Jiaohe and Jiutai. The pollution caused by the livestock and poultry breeding in the south, north and west is relatively lighter, so there is still a certain space for the development of livestock and poultry breeding. On basis of the study of the livestock and poultry environmental bearing capacity, and combining the livestock and poultry environmental bearing capacity with the characteristics of the study area, I propose several pollution prevention strategies for the livestock and poultry breeding industry in the typical areas of Songliao Basin, and I estimate the environmental benefits of the relevant measures. The study supplies a scientific basis for relevant departments to work out control planning for livestock and poultry breeding pollutants.