| Ethnobotany is a discipline focusing on the interaction between plants and human, and it is conducive to the exploitation of new drugs and traditional medicinal plant varieties by widely collecting knowledge about plants. In recent years, there are increasing concerns over the medicinal effect of orchids while Li minority nationality in Hainan Island has mastered the usage of many medicinal orchids through long-term practice. However, the traditional knowledge is facing the risk of dying out because of being transmitted by means of oral instruction and rote memory from one generation to the next since Li minority nationality has not a writing system of its own, in addition to the development of modern medicine. In this article the usage of orchids of Li minority nationality in Hainan Island was investigated by research methods of ethnobotany, meanwhile the habitats and resources of medicinal orchids were understood through the field investigation in Bawangling Mountain. Two representative orchids were selected to sow sterilely. The main results were as follows:There were36species of orchid plants belonging to23genus used by healers of Li minority nationality in Hainan Island. Dendrobium has the highest number of species (7species,19.4%), and the remaining genus have1to3species for each,18genus accounted for50%of all have only1species for each. There were3biotypes of orchid plants used by healers of Li minority nationality in Hainan Island, obligate epiphyte has the highest number of species (20species),8and8spices are non-spot epiphytic type and terrestrial type respectively. The usage of orchid plants used by healers of Li minority nationality varied, main including water decoction, external treatment, soaking in wine, boiling in water, frying, etc., the most used one was water decoction (28species). The medicinal parts of orchid plants used by healers of Li minority nationality included the whole grass, root and pseudobulb, leaf, etc, the most used one was pseudobulb (14species) accounted for38.9%of all,.In five kinds of forest type, the most species (13) and numbers (765) of orchid plants used by healers of Li were found in mountain evergreen forest, followed by species (10) and numbers (390) were found in montane elfin forest, then the least species (5) and numbers (36)were found in the mountain forest and lowland rain forest. The altitude is dominant factor influencing the distribution of orchid plants used by healers of Li while the distribution of them in forest types at high altitudes was obviously more than the distribution of them in forest types at low altitudes. Because simple structure and good ventilation in forest types at high altitudes was conductive to the spread of orchid seeds, and lower temperature, high air humidity and more rain at higher altitudes was conducive to the growth of orchids.There were17species of orchid plants used by healers of Li counted in all samples, and small amounts of Dendrobium nobile, Dendrobium lindleyi, Kingidium deliciosum, Acampe rigida, Renanthera coccinea and Flickingeria angustifolia existed. Orchid plants used by healers of Li with high frequency under investigation did not have epiphytic specificity, however, there were high epiphytic preferences between Rhynchostylis gigantean、Pholidota chinensis and Distylium racemosum or Dacrydium pierrei、Dendrobium sinense and Syzygium buxifolium、Schoenorchis gemmata and Acronychia pedunculata, while there were no obvious epiphytic preferences found between other orchids and their host trees. Abundance of orchid plants used by healers of on individual host plant was proportional to the diameter at breast height of host tree, it was meant that abundance increased obviously with the increase of host DBH.In lowland rainforest, in the dry district, the species were more, but the number was less; within district the species and plant number was more, outside District the species were least but the number was larger than dry district and middle district. In quarter rainforest, the species and number was similar among in the dry district, and within district, and outside district and central district. In peak dwarf forest, the species and number was more than other districts. The differences of species and number among within district and outside district and middle district was not significant. In montane, the species and quantity was more than other areas. In middle district, the species were more and the number was less.The potential application value of36species of orchid plants used by healers of Li minority nationality in Hainan Island were scored, according to the results,36species of medicinal orchids were divided into four categories. The score of8species was higher than8inferring that these medicinal orchids were not only used widely by local Li minority nationality, but also their medicinal value had been widely recognized, and had the development and application prospects most; The score of13species was between6to7inferring that these medicinal orchids were also used by local Li minority nationality, their medicinal value had been recognized, and had the development and application prospects; The score of9species was between4to5inferring that these medicinal orchids were not used widely by local Li minority nationality, their medicinal value were yet to be further developed; The score of6species was between1to3inferring that these medicinal orchids were used less by local Li minority nationality, their medicinal value were yet to be further developed and recognized.Through Eulophia graminea and Pholidota chinensis beauty sowing experiments, germination rates of first or second culture medium were significantly higher than MS and 1/2MS medium, explains Hua Bao provide nutrition for Orchid seed germination and preparation of the culture medium was more simple, suitable for industrial scale aseptic seeding. Hormone NAA on Eulophia graminea seed germination and growth of protocorm in growth had a significant role in promoting, on the germination of seeds of Pholidota chinensis effect was not obvious. |
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