A Comparative Study Of Ginsenoside And Pesticide Residue Concentration Of Cultivated And Wild Ginseng From Northeast Of China

The king of drugs ginseng(Panax Gensing C. A. Meyer) has functions of reducing blood sugar, regulating the immune system, improve immunity, delaying senility, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect, these active agents have been the hotspot of medical research. Therefore, to explore how effectively improve ginsenoside content was of important meanings for development and utilization of ginseng in future. In the present study,the growth of different age artificial cultivated ginseng phenotype, physiological changes, the content of ginsenosides, expression of key enzymes related with its metabolism as well as pesticide residues of the analyzed and comparison. The main results are as follow:1. Significant difference in morphology and biomass were detected in different development period of artificial cultivation of ginseng. With the increase of time, artificial cultivation of ginseng root length and root volume also gradually increased, and artificial breeding of ginseng stem diameter, root weight and ratio of root to shoot and leaf weight are increasing. Effects on plant biomass is:during the period of1～4years, biomass increases with the increase of age.2. A high performance liquid chromatography method that could determination of9kinds of ginsenosides(Rg1,Re,Rf,Rb1,Rb2,Rhl,Rc,Rd,Rg3)simultaneously was successfully established in this study:the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:water (A)(B), gradient elution:the concentration of A is:0.01min,19%;0～25min,19%;25～35min,19%～29%;35～50min,29%;50～80min,29%～40%;80～90min,40%～50%;90～100min,50%～60%, flow rate1.0mL/min, the detection wavelength was203nm, the column temperature was30℃, the injection volume was20μL.3. Significant difference in9kinds of ginsenosides content (Rg1,Re,Rf,Rb1,Rb2,Rh1, Rc,Rd,Rg3)were detected in different growth period of artificial cultivation of ginseng. Ginsenosides Rgl,Re and Rf content in ginseng root will be stable over time gradually increased,Rb1,Rb2,Rh1,Rc and Rd content had the same trend, in addition, Rg3over time showed a trend of decrease in the1～4years.4. Nine ginsenosides of4years old artificial cultivation and natural ginseng were compared, the results showed that the content of ginsenosides were different in both roots. within the same aged ginseng, the content of9kinds of ginsenosides in artificial cultivated ginseng were significantly higher than those of natural ginseng.5. In artificial cultivation ginseng roots, expression of genes that in ginsenosides biosynthesis pathway were changed significantly as plants growing old. SS, SE,β-AS and CAS genes expression increased firstly with the growth time increased and reached it highest value in the second year. After that, its expression decreased. The gene expression of ginseng pleiotropic drug resistance (PgPDR) reached the highest value in the third years of artificial cultivated ginseng which was consistent with its higher production of ginsenosides, indicating the vital importance of PgPDR for ginsenosides biosynthesis.6. Finally, the pesticide residues of1-4years artificial cultivation ginseng roots were detected. The results showed that, accumulation of drug residues in artificial cultivated ginseng did not increase with their growth. Besides, this study also demonstrated that the content of BHC,DDT and PCNB would be degraded with growth of ginseng and aging time.