| People can take up arsenic from drinks, food and medicines daily. Tea, seaweed and Niu Huang Jie Du Pian Pills were selected to explore the characteristics of arsenic concentrations in the different amples. An in vitro gastro intestinal model was then used to evaluate the effects of different test conditions(intake pathways, in virto gastrointestinal digestion, parameters in gastrointestinal digestion system) on As bioaccessibility in chrysanthemum tea, seaweed and Niu Huang Jie Du Pills, and to estimate the As bioaccessibility in these samples.The resules showed as follows:(1) Characteristics of As concentrations in tea, seaweed and Niu Huang Jie Du PillsArsenic concentrations in tea samples ranged from ND to 1.16±0.03 mg/kg. Arsenic was not detected in 23.5% of total tea samples, but As concentrations in 11.8% of total samples were very high and exceeded the limited standard of green food herb- tea(0.5 mg/kg) which might be due to sulphur-dried tea contaminated by arsenic. In addition, two chrysanthemum tea samples were producted in Hebei exceeded the arsenic(arsenic content: 0.51 mg/kg and 1.16 mg/kg), which sulfur content of up as 5 761 mg / kg and 1 1331 mg/kg, significantly higher than the arsenic is not exceeded samples sulfur content 1970 mg/kg(P <0.05), which might be due to sulphur-dried tea contaminated by arsenic. The total arsenic contents in seaweed samples were bertween 24.9±0.85 mg/kg and 51.7±3.98 mg/kg, far more than the “safety qualification for agricultural product-Safety requirements for non-environmental pollution aquatic products ” arsenic limits in aquatic products(0.5 mg/kg); The concentration of As in Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets was 7.5×104 mg/kg,which was much 38 thousand times higher than “green standards of medicinal plants and preparations for foreign trade and economy ”(WM2/T-2003) and the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" arsenic limit value(2.0 mg/kg).(2) Bioaccessibility of arsenic in chrysanthemum teaAs bioaccessibility of tea infusions in stomach(30.0%~35.3%) and intestine was significantly higher than those of the original tea(3.45%~9.89%) and tea powder(18.1%~16.8%), which maybe due to the tea soluble arsenic easier dissolution in the gastrointestinal phase. Therefore, the intake pathway for chrysanthemum tea is a major factor in evaluating arsenic bioaccessibility.For the tea infusions which As contents in range of 69.5 μg/L to 71.3 μg/L, bioaccessibility of As have no significant differences in stomach and intestine. As bioavailability at liquid-to-fluid volume ratios(1:9, 1:5, 1:2) were 57.7%~59.2% in stomach phase, and 62.7%~63.3% in intestine phase. As bioavailability at different shaking speed(100 r/min, 150 r/min, 220 r/min) were 54.5%~63.5% in stomach phase, and 53.3%~65.4% in intestine phase. In stomach and intestine arsenic bioaccessibility of tea infusions to increase with the speed of both first and then decreased, significantly lower than 100 r/min and 220 r/min when arsenic bioavailability of a time to speed 150 r/min. As bioavailability at different p H in gastrione(1.0, 2.0, 4.0) were 54.5%~65.1% in stomach phase, and 47.5%~66.8% in intestine phase, As bioaccessibility of tea infusions in stomach decrease first and increases with increases gastric p H, of 2.0 to arsenic bioavailability significantly lower than p H 1.0 and p H4.0 Bioavailability of Arsenic in the intestinal phase increased with the gastric p H is increased, and the difference was significantly. As bioavailability at different duration(stomach: 0.5h, 1h; intestine: 1h, 2h) were 60.3%~62.1% in stomach phase, and 58.6%~64.0% in intestine phase. Arsenic bioaccessibility of tea infusions at different duration were not significant.Therefore, As bioaccessibility of chrysanthemum tea infusions was related to in virto gastrointestinal digestions, rotation rates and the simulated gastric fluid p H are both the major factor in evaluating bioaccessibility of arsenic, whereas liquid-to-fluid volume ratios and duration are not the major factor.In summary, according to reduce human health risk and shorten time to consider, when using simulated gastrointestinal system evaluat bioaccessibility of arsenic in chrysanthemum tea infusions, the solid-liquid ratio: 1:9, gastric fluid p H: 2.0, shaking speed: 150 r/min, gastric duration using the 0.5 hour session, intestinal phase 1 hours would be appropriate.(3) Bioaccessibility of arsenic in seaweedFor the seaweed which As contents in range of 30 mg/kg to 40 mg/kg, bioaccessibility of As in intestine was higher than that of stomach. As bioavailability at different solid-to-fluid volume ratios(1:100, 1:60, 1:40) were 1.23%~1.73% in stomach phase, and 2.54%~4.07% in intestine phase. In gastric phase difference was not significant, but decreased with increasing ratio in intestine, and the difference was significantly. As bioavailability at different shaking speed(100 r/min, 150 r/min, 220 r/min) were 1.52%~2.57% in stomach phase, and 1.83%~4.19% in intestine phase, In stomach, with the shaking speed to high, then low, and the speed 220 r/min when arsenic bioavailability to significantly less than 100 r/min and 150 r/min. In intestinal phase, seaweed arsenic bioavailability decreased gradually with the increasing of shaking speed, which might be explained that the sugar on the seaweed surface had adsorption to arsenic in solution with the increase of shaking speed. As bioavailability at different gastric p H(1.0, 2.0, 4.0) were 1.19%~2.97% in stomach phase and 1.21%~5.52% in intestine phase. Gastrointestinal bioaccessibility of arsenic in seaweed with gastric p H increases are gradually reduced, and when the gastric p H 1.0 arsenic bioaccessibility to significantly higher gastric p H 2.0 and p H 4.0. As bioavailability at different duration(stomach: 1 h, 2 h; intestine: 2 h, 4 h) were 1.75%~2.43% in stomach phase, and 2.59%~3.32%in intestine phase. Different duration of stomach, the stomach of arsenic bioaccessibility to the stomach and increases with increasing duration, under different intestinal duration in the intestine arsenic bioaccessibility to the difference was not significant. Therefore, Therefore, As bioaccessibility of seaweed was related to in virto gastrointestinal digestions, solid-liquid ratio, whereas rotation rates, the simulated gastric fluid p H and duration are both the major factor in evaluating bioaccessibility of arsenic.In summary, according to body’s normal conditions and reduce human health risk, when bioavailability of arsenic in seaweed was evaluated using simulated gastrointestinal system, the appropriate parameters are solid-liquid ratio at 1:40, p H at 2.0, shaking speed at 220 r/min, gastric duration for 1 hour and intestinal phase for 2 hours.(4) Bioaccessibility of arsenic in Niu Huang Jie Du PillsFor Niu Huang Jie Du Pian Pills with extremely high As concentration, bioaccessibility of As in intestine was higher than that in stomach. Arsenic bioaccessibility were 0.35% in gastric stage and 0.39% in intestine using intelligent dissolved machine, slightly lower than that of arsenic bioaccessibility at 0.57% and 0.63% for gastrointestinal system using shaker with water bath. The results obtained in parallel are good, but the water bath method is simple oscillator, drugs with less and less cause secondary pollution, so choose this method for the test.As bioavailability at different solid-to-fluid volume ratios(1:1 800, 1:900, 1:600) were 0.57%~0.77% in stomach phase and 20.63%~0.96% in intestine phase, and the As bioaccessibility decreased gradually with the increase of solid-liquid ratio, stable in 1:900~1:600. As bioavailability at different shaking speed(100r/min, 150r/min, 220r/min) were 0.48%~0.64% in stomach phase, and 0.53%~0.78% in intestine phase, Arsenic bioaccessibility of Niu Huang Jie Du Pian Pills increases with the increasing of shaking speed. As bioavailability at different gastric p H(1.0, 2.0, 4.0) were 0.47%~0.53% in stomach phase, and 0.51%~0.57% in intestine phase, bioavailability of As increases with the increasing of gastric p H. As bioavailability at different duration(stomach: 1 h, 2 h; intestine: 2 h, 4 h) were 0.45%~0.50% in stomach phase, and 0.58%~0.83% in intestine phase. Different duration of the stomach, the stomach arsenic bioavailability to the difference was not significant, gastric duration is fixed at 1 h, the intestinal bioaccessibility of arsenic in intestine phase with increasing duration increased significantly, and are higher than the stomach duration was 2 h intestine arsenic bioaccessibility. Therefore, As bioaccessibility of Niu Huang Jie Du Pian Pills was related to in virto gastrointestinal digestions, solid-liquid ratio and shaking rates duration, whereas and the simulated gastric fluid p H were not the major factors in estimating bioaccessibility of arsenic.In summary, according to body’s normal conditions and reduce human health risk, when bioaccessibility of arsenic in Niu Huang Jie Du Pian Pills was evaluated using simulated gastrointestinal system, the appropriate parameters are solid-liquid ratio at 1:600, p H at 2.0, shaking speed at 100 r/min, gastric duration for 2 hour and intestinal phase for 4 hours. |
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