| Asparagus officinalis Linn.is a perennial herb from Asparagus of Liliaceae which is called the king of vegetables and rich in nutritional value and therapeutic efficacy. Morden research shows that asparagus has abundant nutrition and activity ingredients such as asparagus polysaccharide,saponins compounds,amino acids and flavonoids, and that are essential to the health of man, so it has many physiological activities suah as antitumor,anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and immune adjustment,etc.At present asparagus except for was taken fresh, mainly used for processing canned asparagus and quick-frozen products, in the processing and asparagus plants grown every year, there was a lot of asparagus scraps such as asparagus spears bottom, old stem, spears peel, asparagus leaves and inferior asparagus were producting. Along with the enlargement of the planting area on asparagus year by year, more and more of the asparagus scraps if no processing utilization allow its natural corruption,would polluted the environment and made waste of natural resource. According to report,these scraps also rich in nutrition and active components, which have many biological functions.In order to improve the comprehensive utilization value of asparagus scraps and reduce the waste,a great quantity of asparagus spears bottom as the main research object, nutrient and activity compositions were analyzed, and finally this paper approaches its ethanol extract anti-fatigue, hypoxia, immune adjustment function and analgesic function and the influence of the independent activities, a detailed research content and conclusion summarized as follows:1. Amino acid analysis results show that the asparagus spears bottom, asparagus old stem and asparagus leaves rich in a lot of amino acids. The total content of18kinds of amino acids were14.99,6.49and13.99%,essential amino acid content were4.130%,1.943%and4.593%, accounting for18kinds of amino acids27.552%,29.938%and35.404%respectively, the essential amino acids ratio of asparagus leaves is closer to40%, the first restrictions amino acids are methionine and cystinol levels and of three. The content of aspartic acid and glutamic acid in three scraps reach up to3.147,0.51,1.333and2.892,1.003and1.835%respectively.2. Nitrogen content of asparagus spears bottom, old stems and leaves were3.83,1.27and2.76%, carbon nitrogen ratio were10.16,33.22and15.81respectively. Asparagus spears base hasthe highest nitrogen content and lowest carbon nitrogen ratio, conversion for protein content is23.84%, is good nitrogen element supplement source, asparagus spears base, old stems and leaves rich in mineral element, but the content was obviously different, it is highest in asparagus leaves,two of macroelement calcium and magnesium rich up to9525and2220mg/kg, several kinds of trace element iron, zinc and copper382,27and11mg/kg, especially organic element selenium content was the most prominent,reach to0.60mg/kg, iron, asparagus spears bottom zinc and copper content is the highest among the three asparagus scraps, for1280,43and21mg/kg, respectively.3. To establish determination methods of the content of total saponins, flavonoid and total polysaccharides in asparagus scraps, analyze and compare the content of three main active ingredients among asparagus spear bottom, old stems and leaves, the results showed that the three asparagus scraps rich in active substances, but the contents were obviously different,,the total ginsenosides and the flavonoids content of asparagus leaves was6.954and0.772%respectively,which was about twice as much as asparagus spears bottom and old stems, the flavonoids content of asparagus spears bottom was0.174%,which was the least, and total saponins and the polysaccharides content were3.342and4.355%respectively.4. The physiological activity of ethanol extracts from asparagus spears bottom was studied by a series of he animal experiment, taken orally dosage for25,100doses and400mg/Kg BW, themice did not any adverse reaction in experimental period。5. After two weeks of taking the asparagus spears bottom ethanol extracts, compared with normal saline groups, weight loading swimming time of asparagus each dose group of mice significantly extend (low, high dose group P<0.01, the middle dosage group P<0.05),the swimming time did not differ significantly in third week compared with second week.After swimming30min without weight loading in taken drugs for30days, the accumulation of blood lactic acid in each asparagus dose group of mice significantly decreased (low, middle dosage group P<0.01, high dose group P<0.05), while the blood urea nitrogen content showed no significant change (P>0.05), GSH-Px (low, medium dosage group P<0.05, high dose group P<0.01) and SOD (middle, high dose group P<0.01, low dose group P<0.01) content of asparagus each dose group of mouse liver significantly increased, the MDA content of high dose group significantly decreased (P<0.05), low and middle dose group did not change (P>0.05). The result shows that the asparagus spears bottom extract has obvious anti-fatigue function, its anti-fatigue mechanism may be to do through decreasing body’s blood lactic acid content and improving the antioxidant system.6. To establish the model of mice with hypoxia tolerance under ordinary pressure and acute myocardial ischemia was made by subcutaneous injection of Iso observe the asparagus ethanol extracts of spear bottom hypoxia functioning. After taking the medicine for30days continuously, compared with normal saline groups,the hypoxia-resistance time of asparagus high doses of mice significantly extended (P<0.05), asparagus low and middle doses of mice although showed extended trend, but did not statistically significant (P>0.05), after injection hydrochloric acid isoproterenol, asparagus each dose group of mice oxygen consumption and survival time showed no significant change (P>0.05), The result showed that the asparagus spears bottom extract has certain hypoxia function, but it still need to be further experiment.7. Through in vitro cell and whole animal experiment to observe the immune effects of asparagus extracts from spears bottom on mouse.The results showed that the extract had no influence on the normal spleen lymphocyte in vitro, however it had a significant influence on Con A-induced spleen lymphocyte (promotion effect of low-dose, suppression effect of high-dose). In the whole animal experiment, the extract had a significant influence on enhancing the carbon clearance capacity (the low dose group P＜.05, the middle dose group P＜.01, the high dose group P>0.05), and multiplication of Con A-induced spleen lymphocytes (the low and high dose group P＜0.05, the middle dose group P＜.01). These results suggested that the effects of the extract on enhancing immune function were remarkable. 8. The mice were administered orally for a period time with asparagus spears bottom ethanol extracts, in the open field test, found that the number to climb of mice significantly increased (high dose group P<0.05, low, medium dosage group P>0.05), but the number to look up although have increased tend, but no statistical difference, The result showed that the asparagus spears bottom extract may increase independent active number of times, but it still need to be further experiment.9. Using the hot plate method to observe the analgesia function of asparagus spears bottom ethanol extracts, the results showed that the asparagus dose of mice threshold of pain did not significantly change (P>0.05), infers tentatively that asparagus extracts have no analgesic effect.In conclusion, these results suggested that the asparagus scraps not only rich in nutrients, but also contain a lot of functional components, the ethanol extracts which prepared use asparagus spears bottom as raw materials has various physiological activity,such as anti-fatigue, hypoxia and immune adjustment function,etc. and therefore asparagus scraps has great potential for exploitation and utilization. |
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