The Pharmacognosy Research Of Calendulae Herba

Calendulae Herba is dried herbs of Calendula officinalis L.in Asteraceae.. Its nature is bitter and cold It has the effect of clearing heat,detoxification,Huoxue and Tiaojing.It is treatment of Otitis media and Yuejingbutiao.Calendulae Herba is a kind of Folk Medicine as well as International traditional medicine by consulting literature and Investigation.It is rich in resources and widely used in the field of medicine,gardening,light industry,cosmetics,food and so on.But so far,the reports about medicinal research is few in China.In order to make full use of resources, we study on the pharmacognosy of Calendulae Herba and formulate quality standard draft which provide scientific theory basis for developing resources. The contents and results are as follows:The plants are identified by the forms, the shape and the way of flowers and leaves. The crude medicine are identified by the color,shape,texture of the flowers,leaves,stems,roots.The microscopic features are identified by the cross-sections organization structure of Stem and leaf and.the micro structure of powder. The stem crosscutting is identified by the type, arrangement, number of vascular bundle. The leaf crosscutting is identified by the type of mesophyll tissue, the type, number of vascular bundle.The power features are identified mainly by the stomatal type of leaf epithelial Cells, glandular hairs,non-glandular hairs, pollen grain, vessels, fiber and so on.It shows that polysaccharide, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoid, steroid, coumarin, and volatile oil are iucluded in Calendulae Herba by chemical composition.The TLC method to identify the Calendulae Herba has been established. With the rutin as reference substance, ethyl acetate-formic acid-water (8:1:1) as developing agent,3μLas Sample volume,8-12cm as expanded distance.The separation effect is good. The test indicate that the samples of Calendulae Herba from10differtent producing areas show the same color spots in the corresponding position compared with the reference Substance. The depth of colour of the spots indicates the difference in content.The moisture, total ash and acid-insoluble ash in Calendulae Herba from10different production areas have been inspected with the method stated in the appendix of the first volume of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010edition). The standard limits have been proposed:the moisture is no more than12.0%, total ash and acid-insoluble ash is no more than18.0%,1.0%respectively.The mothod of detecting extract has been established with50%ethanol and hot dipping.The scope of extract content of Calendulae Herba from10different production areas is28.35%-43.19%,the average content of that is37.51%. The standard limits is not be lower30.0%.The method of detecting the content of total flavone and total saponins has been established with the UV-spectrophotometry. The results shows the tiny difference between the contents of total flavone of Calendulae Herba from10different production areas, ranging from2.25%-4.78%, the average content of that is3.17%.But the contents of total saponins from those are significantly different, ranging from0.64%-4.79%, the average content of that is2.28%.This may be associated with growth environmen significantly different t and the harvest time.Through the research on the content of dry matter accumulation amount, extract, total flavone, total saponins and antioxidant ability,it found that early flowering stage is the best harvest period of Calendulae Herba.Research on the antioxidant ability of Calendulae Herba by the method of DPPH.It found that the antioxidant ability in different areas are significantly different, the ICsoranging from108μg/mL-248μg/mL. And the antioxidant ability is also significantly different on different harvest time, the IC50ranging from161μg/mL-393μg/mL.which provide reference for determination the best harvest time. Compar to the results of total flavone content in different production areas,the antioxidant ability may be related to its total flavone content.Establish the IR fingerprint common model by research on the IR of Calendulae Herba from10different production areas.The result shows that the characteristic peaks are10. The method is simple, rapid, stable and reliable.Acute toxicity test, anti-inflammatory and bleeding experiments have been performed.The acute toxicity test shows that the maximum tolerance dose to mice was80g/kg which was equal to320times of aducts per day. The bleeding time was shortened significantly by the high,medium and low dose of Calendulae Herba.It prompt that the Calendulae Herba has the effect of hemostasis.The anti-inflammatory experiments shows that the Calendulae Herba has a trend on anti-inflammatory effect,but it did not have statistical significance.It may be relate to the extraction method and medicinal parts.Theoretical foundation has been laid for futher resource development by pharmacognosy research of Calendulae Herba,It has great realistic significance to increase the utilization rate of resources and guide sustainable development of Chinese medicine.