| Gastrodiae Rhizoma (Tianma) is the precious Chinese medicine and used frequently, it also can be used for health food ingredients provision by China’s Ministry of Health. It is the dried tubers from Orchidaceae(Gastrodia elata Bl.). Due to the significant effect and shortages supply, the prices of Tianma remain high level for a long time. It is often used Cacali davidii (F.) Hand-Mazz of circulate posing Tianma. In addition, the current quality evaluation of Tianma is not complete, many studies have evaluated Tianma quality only according to gastrodin content. However, from the literature and the authors’ previous study showed that only use gastrodin as indicator is difficult to evaluate the quality of Tianma medicine effectively. In order to solve the probem of the difficulty to identify and the evaluation is not complete in Tianma, the present study includes the following three aspects:First, the High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint for Tianma was established. The test solution preparation and measurement chromatographic conditions of Tianma HPLC fingerprint was optimized.11 characteristic peaks were chosen on their HPLC fingerprints as the characteristic common peaks, in which 7 peaks were assigned as gastrodin, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, Parishin A, Parishin B, Parishin C, Parishin E and adenosine refered to reference substance.27 samples Tianma samples of HPLC fingerprint were analysisied by Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM 2004 software and statistical analysis software SAS 9.2, Results showed that except 1 sample which seed harvest over Tianma, other 26 samples could be better clustered, studies show this HPLC fingerprint could be used to evaluate the quality coherence of the Tianma samples.5 prepared slices,3 freeze-dried and 3 parts of Tianma products HPLC fingerprint showed this HPLC fingerprint could be used for evaluation of the quality of Tianma product. The HPLC fingerprint also could be used for identification and quality control of Tianma wine. Studied the differences between 9 parts counterfeit goods and genuine Tianma HPLC fingerprint, Results were that counterfeit goods excluding gastrodin and parishins Tianma characteristic components, indicated the established HPLC fingerprint could accurately identify Tianma is a genuine medicinal materials.Second, the Infrared spectroscopy (IR) fingerprint for Tianma was established. The similarities and differences between the samples of 27 different specifications Tianma samples was studied by infrared spectrum. The peaks at 1730 and 1515cm-1 on the IR fingerprint of Spring Tianma are stronger than Winter Tianma, w hile ladder peak (located at 1154,1079 and 1023 cm-1of Spring Tianma are weaker t han Winter Tianma. It indicated that the FTIR spectrum is different between Spring T ianma and Winter Tianma, IR fingerprint spectra can identificate Spring Tianma and Winter Tianma samples. We researched the Infrared IR of 9 batches of Tianma genuine and counterfeit goods, and found that the counterfeit goods the characteristic of the absorption vibration of the aromatic ring skeleton at 1515 cm-1 and most of the counterfeit goods don’t have the "ladder peak C" at 1154,1079 and 1023 cm-1. Therefore, it can quickly and accurately identify the authenticity of Tianma herbs by comparing the dimensional infrared spectroscopy and using the principal component analysis. This study showed that IR can accurately identify the authenticity of Tianma herbs, and its results were the same as HPLC analysis, which can confirm each other, and can provide a more scientific basis for the authenticity of identification Tianma herbs.Third, the correlation between the commercial grade and the main active ingredients of Tianma was studied. First of all. the methods of accurately determined the content of gastrodin, paraben methanol, adenosine, total gastrodin and gastrodia elata was established after optimizing the preparation conditions of test solution, chromatographic conditions and so on. In order to solve the problem of no significant correlation between experimental differentiation, commercial grade classification and the content of gastrodin, the method that with gastrodin, paraben methanol, adenosine, total gastrodin and gastrodia elata as the indicator omprehensive evaluated the quality of Tianma was established. Next,35 Winter Tianma samples and 11 spring Tianma samples were compared and found that there was no significant difference on the content of hydroxybenzyl alcohol and adenosine. But the content of gastrodin in spring Tianma (0.68%, n=11) was higher than Winter Tianma (0.45%, n=35), the content of total gastrodin in spring Tianma (2.47%, n=11) was higher than Winter Tianma (1.98%, n=35)while the content of polysaccharides in Winter Tianma (26.75%,n=35) was higher than spring Tianma (20.86%, n=11). It’s maybe the result that the polysaccharide consumption decreased during the growth process of spring Tianma in spring. On the contrary, the content of gastrodin and Parishin was increased relatively. Thus, the result of characters identification was not agree with the content of gastrodin, but accord with polysaccharide content. And then,35 sample were divided into four level (one, two, three and four grede) according to the criterion of grade (it is based on weight). As evaluation parameters, we calculated the weighted composite score (WCS) and compared the content of gastrodin, paraben methanol, adenosine, total gastrodin and gastrodia elata in defferent grade. It trend to be is one and two grade is better than three or four grade.Among the indicators, polysaccharide act an important role in classification with grade, the correlation were 33.71%(n=8, one grade).34.44%(n=9, two grade),21.82%(n=11, three grade) and 16.68%(n=7, four and so on). The result shows that the heavier of Tianma, the higher levels of polysaccharide and WCS. This is consistent with traditional identification of Gastrodia, which is the one whose weight is heavier and texture is harder the quality are better. Thus, the content of polysaccharide and WCS can used to evaluate the quality of Tianma in defferent grade. So we use the Chemical indicators and WCS to evaluate the quality of Tianma in defferent origin. It found that gastrodin and polysaccharide content and WCS in Tianma samples who grows in Sichuan, Yunnan and Shaanxi are relatively higher. The WCS were Sichuan (50.60, n= 12)> Shaanxi Province (46.72, n=7)> Yunnan (42.16, n=11)> Hubei (34.44, n= 4). Concluding that the quality of Tianma has a close relative with origin.In addition, this paper summarized the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Tianma, which provided a basis for clinical application and development of related products of Tianma. |
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