Research On The Spatial Poverty Trap Of Concentrated Contiguous Areas With Particular Difficulties On Basis Of The Geographic Capital

As one of the common problems of the world today, poverty is a main obstacle in the economic development, social stability, and environmental protection in China. In recent years, the long-term and unremitting efforts that the government and local authorities have made have been proved to be a great success in throwing off poverty. Moreover, regional poverty has become a major feature of poverty in our country, and the designed contiguous destitute areas mark the poverty relief works in China have entered a new historical stage.The theory of spatial poverty is based on the relevant researches of traditional poverty and multidimensional poverty, and it involves a series of discipline thoughts, for example, spatial economics, poverty geography, the poverty and so on. Spatial poverty takes environmental factors into the evaluation system, enriching the connotation of poverty; and the introduction on the space scale emphasize the differences in the poverty level and poverty trap among different regions. In all, spatial poverty theory has promoted the deeper research of poverty, aiming at improving the pertinence and efficiency of local poverty alleviation.Following the traditional poverty(income poverty), multidimensional poverty(comprehensive poverty), the theory of spatial poverty is a big progress and development for the research of poverty. Compared with the multidimensional poverty, the spatial poverty has enriched the connotation of poverty:the former focuses on poverty research with the view of economy and society, while spatial poverty puts the natural environment indicators into the evaluation system considering its impact on poverty. Moreover, the introduction on the space scale of the theory emphasizes the differences in the poverty level and poverty trap among different regions. Furthermore, the main research contents of spatial poverty are as follows:taking the regional geographical environment factor into geographic capital system, the regional distribution of geographic capital, the determination on the mechanism of the spatial poverty trap through the analysis of geographic capital defect, and formulating corresponding countermeasures.Belonging to the contiguous destitute areas of Liupan Mountain in Ningxia, Longde County has been facing the problems in the fragile ecological environment and massive poor population, restricting local sustainable development. Thus, how to alleviate poverty and realize the symbiosis between ecological development and environmental protection is of great significance. In view of it above, geographic capital and spatial poverty trap of Longde County were studied in this research in order to offer relevant countermeasures and suggestions for local poverty alleviation. In the process of the study, typical sample villages were selected as subjects, and TOPSIS model obstacle degree model were used to the analysis of geography capital and spatial poverty trap, wishing to offer relevant suggestions and recommendations for the local poverty alleviation. The main conclusions were as follows. (1) In the aspect of the comprehensive evaluation of geographic capital, the geographic capital endowment in Longde County had showed obvious spatial difference. According to the results of the TOPSIS model (the higher the value is, the greater the occurrence probability of poverty), on the whole, the endowment of river valley area was the best, the TOPSIS values were Qixing Village (0.2971), Mugou Village (0.2739), Zhulin Village (0.2405). Moreover, that of loss hilly region was better, and the value of Zhangcheng Village was 0.3629, Xiapo Village (0.3393), Taolian Village (0.4196). And that of Liupan mountain area was the worst, the values of the sample villages were as follows:0.4572 (Shanhe Villgae),0.3901 (Lingou Village). (2) According to the analysis of results of obstacle degree model, the influence factors of spatial poverty trap about three types of area had both differences and certain commonness. (3) In the poverty alleviation work from now on, as for the economic geography capital, Liupan mountain area mainly promote tourism development relying on its unique ecological and cultural resource advantages. While loess hilly region and valley area had better to promote the development of micro credit, optimize the industrial structure of agriculture. (4)As for the social geography capital, pension, housing, drinking water and other basic living aspect need to be improved in Liupan mountain area and loess hilly region. And the prompting of women cultural quality is the main task for valley area. (5)As for the natural geography capital, the conversion of cropland to forest, ecological immigrant project and emergency mechanism of the landslide, debris flow were needed in Liupan mountain area. Otherwise, for the loess hilly region and valley area, the farmland transformation, and improvement the environmental protection consciousness had better be done. Only with the coordinated operation of the economy, society and nature systems, could Longde County skip out of the constraints of the spatial poverty trap, improve the sustainable poverty alleviation, and promote the sustainable development of Longde County.