A Study Of Framing Effects On The Judgment Of Learning

As an important form of metacognitive monitoring, the judgment of learning(JOL) can affect metamemory control processes directly or indirectly, such as the time allocation, the learning strategy adjustments, the re-learn selection, and so on. It has important practical significance to study the factors which affect JOL and the accuracy of JOL and its mechanism, as the accuracy of JOL is extremely important for efficient learning. The past researches in this area have focused on the characteristics of learning materials, learning methods, individual characteristics, the perceptual experience when information processing. But recent studies have found that JOL is also affected by the frame, namely the framing effects.. However, it remains controversial in whether there are framing effects on JOL or not and its specific mechanism. This study aims to verify the existence of the framing effects on the JOL and try to introduce the learning time to explore the mechanism of framing effects on JOL.Two experiments are conducted. Experiment 1 is a single-factor design, aiming to verify the influence of framing effects on JOL and the accuracy of JOL. Experience 2 is a two-factor mixed design. Based on the experience 1, experience 2 increases a variable of learning time to explore how framing effects affect the JOL and the accuracy of JOL, when combined with learning time. On the basis of the results, this study discusses the reason why framing effects affect the JOL, that is to say, exploring whether the participants who assigned to two frames can make more effective judgments depend on the learning time. The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The frame can affect the value of JOL. The value in negative frame group is significantly lower than positive frame group.(2)The frame affects the absolute accuracy of JOL. It appears significantly overestimation in positive frame group, while the overestimation in negative frame group is not significant. The negative frame can reduce the overestimation significantly and improve the absolute accuracy of JOL.(3)The influence of framing effects on JOL is based on the differences of the use of cues. In the negative frame group, the individual are more sensitive to the cues which affect recall performance, and then the absolute accuracy of JOL is higher.