The Research On The Courtesy Activities Of The Missions From Vietnam In China In Ch`ing Dynasty

Vietnam, known as Cochin or Annam, is closely related with China.After the establishment of the Ch`ing Dynasty, Annam established vassal relationship with the Ch`ing Dynasty, and paid tribute regularly. After preparation, reporting, and establishing tributary missions, Annam sent tributary missions into China, the Ch`ing Dynasty gave the appropriate treatment.After the Annam’s missions come into China, the functionaries look after them to show courtesy. The Ch`ing Dynasty developed escorting-system. The dynasty of Kangxi to the early stage of Qianlong, Guangxi local choice with civil and military officials were sent with delivery. When the Annam’s envoys returned to Annam, a member of the Rites was sent. The escorting-system was reformed in 1770. On the basis of the Guangxi long distance escort Officers, short distance escort Officers were added, perfecting the escortingsystem. The reception of tributary missions included food, clothing,housing and transportation. In terms of food and clothing, the government of the Ch`ing Dynasty provided them food and clothing to ensure their daily lives, with junketing. It was better in Beijing. In terms of housing, the government set up courier stations to arrange rooms for the missions. Huitongguan was set up in Beijing. In terms of transportation, the tributary missions walked along the path of tributary trade. The government of the Ch`ing Dynasty provided them Vehicles and vessels in accordance with the number of mission members and tributes or rewards. The reception of Annam Missions had a strict regime, substantially in accordance with the provisions to ensure the supply in the early Ch`ing Dynasty. In the late Ch`ing Dynasty, supply problems had become increasingly apparent. The decline of the Ch`ing Dynasty resulted in the lack of food and clothing, the disrepair of room and other issues. The research on the courtesy activities of the Annam tributary missions, makes us explore the cost of courtesy, and then understand the concept of giving more and getting less.