| The genetic diversity of the population reflects the ability of the population to adapt the environment,clarifies the relationship between genetic diversity and environmental factors is extremely important for effective conservation of species.In recent years,due to changes in habitat environment,poaching,overgrazing,reclamation and other human activities lead to Gazella subguttrosa habitat loss,directly or indirectly affect the genetic diversity.Therefore,study of the relationship between genetic diversity and environmental factors of Gazella subguttrosa in Xinjiang and to determine the main affecting factors of genetic diversity,through that provide a theoretical basis for effective protection and management of Gazella subguttrosa in Xinjiang has become the focus of research.1.In this study mt DNACytb and D-loop gene as a genetic marker,combined with the application statistical software SPSS 19.0 and Canoco4.5,discusses the relationship between genetic diversity and environmental factors of Gazella subguttrosa in Xinjiang.First,mitochondrial DNA was used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 11 populations of Gazella subguttrosa in Xinjiang,in which Cytb gene nucleotide diversity and the haplotype diversity is the highest in Ebinur Lake population(?=0.00223,h =0.967),the lowest in Atush population(?=0.00025,h=0.467).Nucleotide diversity is the highest and the lowest differently in Ebinur Lake population(?=0.03312)and in Atush population(?=0.00372),and haplotype diversity is the highest and the lowest differently in Lopnur population(h =1.000)and in Atush population(h=0.667)based on D-loop gene.The genetic diversity based on the control region gene of each population group of Gazella subguttrosa in Xinjiang was significantly higher than that of the Cytb gene,and the genetic diversity of the two molecular markers was consistent.There were significant differences in four gene bases of the two gene fragments,the average A+T content of Cytb and D-loop gene is(58%,60.9%)differently,which is significantly higher than G+C content(42%,39.1%),gene sequence is rich in A+T,shows a strong bias.2.SPSS19.0 was used to study correlation between the 10 environmental factors and genetic diversity parameters,results showed that,there were a significant relationships between nucleotide diversity and annual average temperature(r=0.521,p<0.05),altitude(r=-0.663,p<0.05),mean annual precipitation(r=-0.540,p<0.05),average population(r=-0.522,p<0.05)based on Cytb gene;However,there were a significant relationships between nucleotide diversity and annual average temperature(r=0.491,p < 0.05),altitude(r=-0.529,p < 0.05),mean annual precipitation(r=-0.468,p<0.05),average population(r=-0.416,p<0.05)based on D-loop gene.Regression equation of environmental factors and nucleotide diversity was y=2.318-1.63X1-1.46X2+1.21X3-0.96X4(y: genetic diversity of Gazella subguttrosa,X1:altitude,X2:annual mean precipitation,X3:annual average temperature,X4: average population)and standardized regression coefficients were-3.48,-3.17,2.97,-1.69 respectively,wich was determinated by multiple regression analysis.3.Canoco4.5 software package was used to study correlation between the 10 environmental factors and genetic diversity parameters,results showed that based on Cytb gene,a significant relationships were observed between nucleotide diversity and altitude(F=6.10,p=0.018),annual mean precipitation(F=5.70,p=0.024),annual average temperature(F=5.32,p=0.036),average population(F=4.65,p=0.041);However based on D-loop gene,a significant relationships were observed between nucleotide diversity and altitude(F=6.34,p=0.011),annual mean precipitation(F=5.92,p=0.020),annual average temperature(F=5.67,p=0.022),average population(F=5.11,p=0.038);The effects of the above factors on genetic diversity reached a significant level(P<0.05),but not significantly correlated with other environmental factors(p >0.05).So above environmental factors are the main factors affecting the genetic diversity,and the altitude is the key environmental factor.4.By using Canoco4.5 for correlation analysis to determine the main environmental factors of the genetic diversity of Junggar subspecies,RDA with forward selection showed that,based on Cytb and D-loop gene,significant relationships were observed between genetic diversity and altitude(p<0.05),annual mean precipitation(p<0.05),the altitude and annual mean precipitation are the key environmental factors.5.RDA analysis of the relationship between the genetic diversity and environmental factors for Yerqiang subspecies,the results indicate that based on Cytb and D-loop gene,significant relationships were observed between genetic diversity and altitude(p<0.05),annual average temperature(p<0.05),the altitude and annual average temperature are the key environmental factors. |
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